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This Author published in this journals
All Journal International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC)
Tutty Ariani
Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences

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In Vitro Reduction of Antifungal Azole Sensitivity in Malassezia spp. and Resistance Prevention Strategies Sari Almira Taria; Tutty Ariani
International Journal of Science and Society Vol 8 No 3 (2026): International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC)
Publisher : GoAcademica Research & Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54783/ijsoc.v8i3.1712

Abstract

Malassezia spp. are lipophilic yeasts that constitute part of the normal skin flora but are also implicated in various dermatological conditions, including pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, and folliculitis. In recent years, decreased in vitro antifungal susceptibility has been increasingly reported, potentially contributing to therapeutic failure and disease recurrence. Literature evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) patterns of azole agents and the molecular mechanisms of the decreased susceptibility in Malassezia spp. remains limited. Therefore, this literature review examines scientific articles related to the antifungal susceptibility of commonly used azoles against skin infections caused by Malassezia spp. Relevant publications were analyzed, focusing on in vitro studies, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, resistance mechanisms, and strategies for preventing antifungal resistance. Several studies demonstrate increased MIC values, particularly for azole antifungals such as fluconazole and ketoconazole. Fluconazole exhibited the highest MIC values (4 to >64 mg/L; MIC50 32 mg/L; MIC90 64 mg/L), whereas posaconazole showed the lowest (0.06–2 mg/L; MIC50 0.125 mg/L; MIC90 0.5 mg/L). Ketoconazole and itraconazole demonstrated relatively good antifungal activity, while amphotericin B showed moderate efficacy. Compared to Candida spp., Malassezia spp. generally exhibited higher MIC values, suggesting reduced susceptibility. Resistance mechanisms include ERG11 gene mutations, increased efflux pump activity, and biofilm formation. Decreased antifungal susceptibility in Malassezia spp. represents an emerging clinical concern with significant implications for treatment outcomes. Rational therapeutic approaches, including antifungal stewardship, susceptibility-guided therapy, and combination strategies, are essential to prevent resistance and improve clinical effectiveness.
Molecular Detection of Leprosy: A Literature Review Hersa Firda Kartika; Tutty Ariani
International Journal of Science and Society Vol 8 No 1 (2026): International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC)
Publisher : GoAcademica Research & Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54783/ijsoc.v8i1.1608

Abstract

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, which can lead to permanent damage to the skin, nerves, and tissues. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent further complications. Molecular technology has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the accuracy and speed of leprosy diagnosis. By employing techniques such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and genetic analysis, bacterial DNA detection can be performed even at the early stages of infection, when clinical symptoms are not yet apparent. Additionally, this technology allows for the identification of different bacterial strains, providing insights into the epidemiology and transmission patterns of the disease. The application of molecular technology also has the potential to improve the monitoring of treatment effectiveness and resistance of therapy regiments. Although challenges remain in accessibility and implementation of this technology in countries with high prevalence, innovations in molecular diagnosis offer new hope for the control and eradication of leprosy globally. Further research and investment in healthcare infrastructure are essential to maximize the potential of this technology in the diagnosis and management of leprosy.
Co-Authors Hersa Firda Kartika Sari Almira Taria