Sela Sela
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malahayati

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Gambaran manifestasi klinis, diagnosis, dan penatalaksanaan pada pasien dengan demam tifoid Arti Febriyani Huyasuhut; Salwa Fadhilah; Salwa Putri Oktaviani; Sela Sela; Sely Diki Oktiyanda; Shabina Adinia Yonny
JOURNAL of Public Health Concerns Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): JOURNAL of Public Health Concerns
Publisher : Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR) Kerja sama dengan: Unit Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kep Akademi Keperawatan Baitul Hikmah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56922/phc.v6i4.3486

Abstract

Background: Typhoid fever is an acute systemic infectious disease caused by *salmonella enterica* serovar typhi and remains a significant health issue in developing countries, including Indonesia. The disease is generally transmitted through contaminated food and water and is closely linked to poor sanitation and hygiene. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to prevent complications. Purpose: To describe the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of typhoid fever in a patient. Method: This activity involved nursing care using a qualitative descriptive approach based on a case report, conducted on November 18, 2025. It describes the clinical course, diagnostic process, and management of typhoid fever in a single patient. The subject was an outpatient presenting with a three-day history of intermittent fever, accompanied by dizziness, generalized weakness, nausea, and reduced appetite. The activity was conducted in accordance with the CARE guidelines for case reports. Data were collected through medical history taking, physical examination, and ancillary tests. Data were analyzed using a descriptive-narrative approach by comparing the patient's clinical findings against the diagnostic criteria for typhoid fever. Results: Physical examination revealed the patient was fully conscious (*compos mentis*) with stable vital signs. Laboratory findings showed a leukocyte count of 4,900/mm³. The Widal test indicated *Salmonella typhi* O and H titers of 1/320. The patient was diagnosed with typhoid fever and treated with thiamphenicol, paracetamol, omeprazole, domperidone, and vitamin B complex. Following treatment, the patient's clinical condition improved, and no complications occurred during the treatment period. Conclusion: A diagnosis of typhoid fever can be established based on clinical manifestations supported by laboratory findings. Appropriate antibiotic administration and supportive therapy yield favorable clinical outcomes and help prevent complications. Suggestion: Education regarding personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, and the rational use of antibiotics needs to be enhanced to reduce the incidence and complications of typhoid fever. Keywords: Case study; Systemic infection; Salmonella typhi; Typhoid fever; Widal test Pendahuluan: Demam tifoid merupakan penyakit infeksi sistemik akut yang disebabkan oleh salmonella enterica serovar typhi dan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Penyakit ini umumnya ditularkan melalui makanan dan minuman yang terkontaminasi serta berkaitan erat dengan sanitasi dan higiene yang kurang baik. Penegakan diagnosis dan tata laksana yang tepat penting dilakukan untuk mencegah komplikasi. Tujuan: Untuk menggambarkan manifestasi klinis, diagnosis, dan penatalaksanaan demam tifoid pada pasien. Metode: Kegiatan merupakan asuhan keperawatan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif berbasis studi kasus (case report) yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 18 November 2025. Kegiatan ini mendeskripsikan perjalanan klinis, penegakan diagnosis, dan tata laksana demam tifoid pada satu pasien. Subjek dalam kegiatan ini adalah pasien yang sedang rawat jalan dengan keluhan demam sejak tiga hari sebelum masuk rumah sakit, bersifat hilang timbul, disertai pusing, badan lemas, mual, dan penurunan nafsu makan. Pelaksanaan kegiatan mengacu pada panduan case report guidelines (CARE). Data dikumpulkan melalui anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif-naratif dengan membandingkan temuan klinis pasien terhadap kriteria diagnosis demam tifoid. Hasil: Pemeriksaan fisik menunjukkan kesadaran compos mentis dengan tanda vital stabil. Pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan leukosit 4.900/mm³. Pemeriksaan tes Widal menunjukkan titer salmonella typhi O sebesar 1/320 dan H sebesar 1/320. Pasien didiagnosis demam tifoid dan mendapatkan terapi berupa thiamfenicol, paracetamol, omeprazole, domperidone, dan vitamin B kompleks. Setelah mendapatkan terapi, kondisi klinis pasien membaik tanpa ditemukan komplikasi selama masa pengobatan. Simpulan: Diagnosis demam tifoid dapat ditegakkan berdasarkan manifestasi klinis yang didukung pemeriksaan laboratorium. Pemberian antibiotik dan terapi suportif yang tepat memberikan luaran klinis yang baik serta dapat mencegah komplikasi. Saran: Edukasi mengenai kebersihan diri, sanitasi lingkungan, serta penggunaan antibiotik yang rasional perlu ditingkatkan untuk menurunkan angka kejadian dan komplikasi demam tifoid.