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All Journal Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Sainstech Nusantara
Edi Widodo
Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Transportation

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Tribological and mechanical performance of epoxy composites reinforced with iron sand and carbon fillers: A Systematic review with experimental perspective Willy Artha Wirawan; Dewi Puspitasari; Ayan Sabitah; Mukhlis Muslimin; Edi Widodo; R.A. Ilyas
Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Issue in Progress
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15981

Abstract

Epoxy composites are widely used in structural and tribological applications because they combine good adhesion, corrosion resistance, and mechanical stability with relatively simple processing. Their main limitation is inadequate wear resistance under sustained sliding or abrasive contact. A growing body of literature therefore explores the incorporation of mineral fillers and carbon-based additives to improve both tribological and mechanical performance. This review critically examines epoxy composites reinforced with mineral iron sand and carbon fillers, with emphasis on processing routes, microstructural evolution, interfacial behavior, wear response, hardness, and flexural properties. The review also places this material system within the broader context of polymer composites used in automotive, aerospace, gears, electronics, and tribological components. Across the literature, iron-rich fillers mainly improve stiffness, hardness, and load-bearing ability, whereas carbon fillers reduce friction and facilitate the formation of lubricating transfer layers. However, the benefits are non-linear. Intermediate carbon loading often yields the best compromise between wear resistance and flexural strength, while excessive loading tends to increase agglomeration, porosity, and stress concentration. The review further re-examines common interpretations of XRD, FTIR, and SEM results and highlights important methodological limitations. Finally, it identifies research gaps related to long-term durability, fatigue, thermal cycling, surface treatment of carbon particles, and data-driven optimization of filler content for engineering applications.
Design and Structural Analysis of Meatball Printing Machine with Arduino Uno-Based Security System for Operator Protection Bayu Surya Ramadhan; Edi Widodo; A'rasy Fahruddin; Mulyadi
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i4.119

Abstract

This study presents the design and structural verification of a compact meatball-forming machine that integrates an Arduino Uno–based operator protection system. A redesigned 500×500×1011 mm frame made of 20×20×1.5 mm hollow steel was modeled in SolidWorks 2024 and evaluated using finite element analysis (von Mises stress, displacement, strain, and safety factor) under an applied load representing a 30 kg operating condition. To reduce assembly complexity, two alternative concepts were assessed using Design for Assembly (DFA), and the most efficient configuration was selected for detailed development. The safety subsystem employs an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor facing the operator zone; when the detected distance falls below 10 cm, the controller triggers a warning indicator and enables protective control actions. The final concept achieved higher DFA efficiency (18%) than the initial concept (16%) while reducing material use and overall footprint. Structural simulations indicate a peak von Mises stress of 163.6 MPa, below the 250 MPa yield strength of ASTM A36 steel, a maximum displacement of 1.002 mm, and a minimum safety factor of 1.528, confirming adequate stiffness and margin against yielding. The proposed design combines adjustable forming via an iris mechanism with servo-driven cutting to improve process consistency while embedding real-time proximity sensing to enhance occupational safety.
Co-Authors A'rasy Fahruddin Ayan Sabitah Bayu Surya Ramadhan Dewi Puspitasari Mukhlis Muslimin Mulyadi R.A. Ilyas Wirawan, Willy Artha