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All Journal Jurnal Geografi International Journal of Science and Environment
Abdul Rauf
Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Environmental Science Mathematics Physics Social Sciences Other

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Prediction of Erosion Using The USLE Method in Community Oil Palm Plantations in Kualuh Selatan District, North Labuhanbatu Fitra Syawa Harahap; Walida Hilwa; Abdul Rauf; Rahmanta Rahmanta; Arman Harahap; Harahap Sulaiman; Sudarijah; Siarudin Mohamad; Syafii Syafrudin; Rizwan Muhammad; Gunawan Indra
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara in Colaboration with www.stie-sampit.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.280

Abstract

The process of erosion leads to the loss of fertile topsoil and a reduction in the soil's capacity to store and absorb water. At the research site, community oil palm plantations in Tanjung Pasir Village, Kualuh Selatan District, North Labuhanbatu Regency, land clearing was conducted through logging, and in some cases, burning. Subsequent plantation management was carried out without implementing soil conservation measures and while disregarding environmental factors, resulting in soil degradation and productivity decline linked to erosion. This study aims to predict the magnitude of erosion using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method, calculate the tolerable soil loss, and analyze the erosion hazard level. The USLE method was applied by calculating the causative factors of erosion: rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover management (C), and conservation practices (P). The predicted erosion values were then compared to the tolerable soil loss values to determine the necessity of conservation interventions. The results indicate that the highest predicted erosion value (A) was 521.73 tons/ha/year on plot KS1, while the lowest was 111.09 tons/ha/year on plot KS5. Meanwhile, the tolerable soil loss (TSL) ranged from 43.86 to 64.38 tons/ha/year. Based on this comparison, two classes of erosion hazard were identified: very high and high. Both classes exhibited predicted erosion values far exceeding the permissible limits. Therefore, conservation measures are imperative, one of which involves planting dense Legume Cover Crops (LCC).  
Hydrological Regime and Q95 Discharge in the Upper Wampu Watershed, Karo Regency, Indonesia Darnianti Darnianti; Abdul Rauf; Rosmadi Fauzi; Nisfariza Binti Mohd Noor; Rahmawaty Rahmawaty; Miswar Budi Mulya
JURNAL GEOGRAFI Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): JURNAL GEOGRAFI
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/jg.v18i2.73529

Abstract

Reliable streamflow is a critical indicator of water availability and hydrological resilience in tropical watersheds under increasing land-use pressure. This study quantified reliable low-flow conditions (Q95) and characterized hydrological regime dominance in the Upper Wampu Watershed, Karo Regency, Indonesia, using daily and monthly streamflow data from 2017–2024 analyzed through Flow Duration Curves (FDC), low-flow indices, and baseflow separation supported by SWAT model simulations. Mean annual discharge ranged from 45.1 to 66.4 m³/s, increasing by about 8.7% between 2017–2020 and 2021–2024. Overall dependable flow (Q95) was estimated at 19.27 m³/s, while monthly Q95 values ranged from 10.62 to 38.50 m³/s, reflecting strong seasonal dependence on rainfall. Baseflow Q95 values were comparatively stable (21.47–41.59 m³/s), yet the quickflow-to-baseflow ratio (Qq/Qb) exceeded 0.8 during wet months, indicating a runoff-dominated regime. Water balance analysis showed that surface runoff contributed more strongly to water yield than percolation, suggesting limited groundwater buffering capacity. SWAT model performance improved from calibration (PBIAS of -31.3% to -15.4%) to validation (+1.7%), supporting its reliability for hydrological regime assessment. These findings indicate that dependable water availability in the Upper Wampu Watershed is highly seasonal and rainfall-driven, with limited subsurface storage to buffer dry-season conditions. Strengthening infiltration through land conservation and sustainable watershed management is therefore essential to reduce hydrological vulnerability, particularly during dry seasons and intense rainfall events, in this and other environmentally stressed tropical mountainous watersheds.
Co-Authors Arman Harahap Darnianti Darnianti Fitra Syawa Harahap Gunawan Indra Harahap Sulaiman Miswar Budi Mulya Nisfariza Binti Mohd Noor Rahmanta Rahmanta Rahmawaty Rahmawaty Rizwan Muhammad Rosmadi Fauzi Siarudin Mohamad Sudarijah Syafii Syafrudin Walida Hilwa