Muhammad Khalid Jambak
Academic Health System, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

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Association between Preconception Hypertension in Women and Fecundability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Cindy Sabina Faleandra; Muhammad Khalid Jambak; Linnas Ashil Hanifah Ulil Albab; Ghefira Hasna Kamila
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Volume 9s Number 2 July 2026 Special Issue Case Report & Systematic Review
Publisher : Dep/SMF Obstetri & Ginekologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i2.1124

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between preconception hypertension in women and fecundability.Methods: A PRISMA-guided and PROSPERO-registered (CRD420261281401) systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Searches were performed across databases and manual reference. Outcomes included fecundability, time to pregnancy (TTP), and infertility (TTP > 12 months). Effect estimates were pooled and reported as fecundability odds ratios (FOR), time ratios (TR), and risk ratios (RR) with 95% CIs.Results: Preconception hypertension was potentially associated with a 21% reduction in fecundability (FOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.78–0.80; P < 0.0001; I² = 0%) and pooled estimates for TTP and infertility risk were non-significant but directionally consistent, indicating a 29% longer TTP (TR 1.29, 95% CI 0.84–1.97; I² = 88%) and a 17% higher infertility risk (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.94–1.47; I² = 34%), though these findings should be interpreted with caution given the heterogeneity and limited evidence.Discussion: Plausible biological mechanisms underlying the association involve chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which may impair endometrial receptivity, implantation, and early embryo development. Further studies incorporating objective male reproductive measures are required.Conclusion: Preconception hypertension may be associated with lower fecundability. In the interim, blood pressure optimization and fertility assessment before pregnancy are recommended.Hubungan antara Hipertensi Prakonsepsi pada Perempuan dan Fekundabilitas: Tinjauan Sistematis dan Meta-AnalisisAbstrakTujuan: Studi ini bertujuan mengevaluasi hubungan antara hipertensi prakonsepsi dan fekundabilitas pada wanita.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan sistematis dan meta-analisis yang dipandu oleh PRISMA serta terdaftar di PROSPERO (CRD420261281401). Pencarian dilakukan pada beberapa basis data dan penelusuran referensi secara manual. Luaran meliputi fekundabilitas, waktu hingga kehamilan (TTP), dan infertilitas (TTP>12 bulan). Estimasi efek digabungkan dan dilaporkan sebagai rasio peluang fekundabilitas (FOR), rasio waktu (TR), dan rasio risiko (RR) dengan interval kepercayaan 95%.Hasil: Hipertensi prakonsepsi dikaitkan dengan potensi penurunan fekundabilitas sebesar 21% (FOR 0,79, 95% CI 0,78–0,80; P < 0,0001; I² = 0%). Estimasi gabungan TTP dan risiko infertilitas tidak signifikan secara statistik tetapi menunjukkan arah yang konsisten, yaitu TTP 29% lebih lama (TR 1,29, 95% CI 0,84–1,97; I² = 88%) dan risiko infertilitas 17% lebih tinggi (RR 1,17, 95% CI 0,94–1,47; I² = 34%). Meskipun demikian, temuan ini perlu diinterpretasikan secara hati-hati mengingat adanya heterogenitas dan keterbatasan bukti.Diskusi: Mekanisme biologis yang mungkin mendasari hubungan ini melibatkan peradangan kronis dan disfungsi endotel yang dapat mengganggu reseptivitas endometrium, implantasi, dan perkembangan embrio dini. Diperlukan studi lebih lanjut yang memasukkan pengukuran reproduksi pria yang objektif.Kesimpulan: Hipertensi prakonsepsi mungkin dikaitkan dengan fekundabilitas yang lebih rendah. Sementara itu, optimalisasi tekanan darah dan penilaian kesuburan sebelum kehamilan direkomendasikan.
Association Between Age at Menarche and the Risk of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Ghefira Hasna Kamila; Muhammad Khalid Jambak; Muhammad Bintang Firdaus; Jihan Nur Azizah; Cindy Sabina Faleandra
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Volume 9s Number 2 July 2026 Special Issue Case Report & Systematic Review
Publisher : Dep/SMF Obstetri & Ginekologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i2.1118

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between age at menarche and the risk of preeclampsia.Methods: This study followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, and SAGE Journals up to November 13, 2025. Observational studies assessing age at menarche and preeclampsia were included. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were pooled using a random-effects inverse-variance model to estimate Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, meta-regression, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias were performed.Results: Eight studies involving 219,933 participants with a low to moderate risk of bias were included. The analysis showed a higher risk of preeclampsia in early menarche compared to normal menarche (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.64–4.93; p < 0.000; I² = 95%), normal menarche compared to late menarche (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.14–2.15; p = 0.006; I² = 65%), and early menarche compared to late menarche (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.40–4.11; p = 0.001; I² = 84%).Conclusion: Age at menarche is associated with the risk of preeclampsia. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to several limitation.Hubungan antara Usia Menarche dan Risiko Preeklampsia pada Ibu Hamil: Tinjauan Sistematis dan Meta-analisisAbstrakTujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara usia menarche dengan risiko preeklampsia.Metode: Penelitian ini mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada basis data PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, dan SAGE Journals hingga 13 November 2025. Studi observasional yang menilai hubungan antara usia menarche dan preeklampsia diikutsertakan. Risiko bias dinilai menggunakan Skala Newcastle-Ottawa. Analisis data dilakukan dengan model efek acak metode varians terbalik untuk menghitung Odds Ratio (OR) dengan 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Heterogenitas, analisis subkelompok, meta-regresi, analisis sensitivitas, serta bias publikasi juga dianalisis.Hasil: Delapan studi dengan total 219.933 partisipan dengan risiko bias rendah hingga sedang diikutsertakan. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa risiko preeklampsia lebih tinggi pada menarche dini dibandingkan menarche normal (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.64–4.93; p < 0.000; I² = 95%), menarche normal dibandingkan menarche lambat (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.14–2.15; p = 0.006; I² = 65%), serta menarche dini dibandingkan menarche lambat (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.40–4.11; p = 0.001; I² = 84%).Kesimpulan: Usia menarche berhubungan dengan risiko preeklampsia. Namun, hasil ini perlu diinterpretasikan secara hati-hati karena beberapa keterbatasan.