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All Journal Maklumat: Journal of Da'wah and Islamic Studies Al-Falsafah: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Filsafat Islam
Haswira Salleh Ahim
Fakulti Usuluddin, Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali, Brunei Darussalam
Religion Humanities Education Social Sciences

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The Concept of Life and Death: A Comparative Analysis of Darwinism, Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam from the Perspective of Islamic Creed (Aqidah) Haswira Salleh Ahim
Al-Falsafah: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Filsafat Islam Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/falsafah.v2i1.32

Abstract

Discussions regarding the concepts of life and death in the modern era are increasingly influenced by scientific and secular approaches which tend to deny the spiritual dimension, as well as giving rise to errors in understanding the meaning of human existence. Although various traditions such as Darwinism, Christianity and Hinduism offer their own interpretations, there is a significant gap in understanding, especially from the perspective of Islamic faith. In this regard, this study aims to analyze the concepts of life and death based on the perspectives of Darwinism, Christianity, Hinduism and Islam and assess the differences from the perspective of Islamic beliefs to determine the most comprehensive approach in understanding the meaning of human existence. This study uses a qualitative approach based on library analysis by examining primary sources such as the Al-Qur'an and hadith and secondary sources from related academic works and journal articles. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis methods and critical comparison methods to identify similarities and differences between each perspective. The results of the study show that Darwinism provides an explanation that is limited to biological aspects without the dimension of life's purpose, while Christianity and Hinduism maintain spiritual elements but have certain theological and eschatological issues. In contrast, Islam offers a more holistic and balanced approach by combining the dimensions of the world and the afterlife, and emphasizes the concepts of monotheism, individual responsibility and life after death as the main principles in understanding the meaning of human existence.
Criticism of the Orientalist Approach in Islamic Studies: An Epistemological Analysis Haswira Salleh Ahim
Maklumat: Journal of Da'wah and Islamic Studies Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/maklumat.v4i2.113

Abstract

This study aims to examine the orientalist approach in Islamic studies which is often influenced by Western epistemological frameworks such as secularism, rationalism and empiricism, which leads to incommensurability in understanding Islamic teachings as a whole. Study problems arise if this approach tends to reduce revelation, question the authenticity of hadith and ignore Islamic scientific traditions, while at the same time producing interpretations that are not in line with the principles of Islamic aqidah and epistemology. To achieve the objectives of the study, a qualitative approach was used through library analysis of primary sources such as the Koran and hadith and sources including orientalist works and writings by Muslim scholars. The main objective of this study is to analyze the orientalist approach in Islamic studies and assess its epistemological weaknesses based on the Islamic epistemological framework which is based on revelation, reason and the scientific traditions of ulama. The results of the study show that the Orientalist approach contains several main weaknesses such as reductionism in revelation, skepticism towards hadith, use of Western hermeneutic methodology without adjustments. Apart from that, there is a significant epistemological incommensurability between Western and Islamic frameworks which causes the resulting interpretation to be non-holistic and less authentic. This study emphasizes that understanding Islam needs to be based on Islamic epistemology which integrates revelation, reason and ulama traditions to produce a more precise, balanced and authoritative analysis.
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