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All Journal TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) JISA (Jurnal Informatika dan Sains)
Pajri Aprilio
President University
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Dynamic pooling using average-thresholding to improve image classification performance Pajri Aprilio; Tjong Wan Sen
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 24, No 2: April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v24i2.27619

Abstract

Pooling layers are essential in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for reducing data size while preserving key features. Traditional methods such as Max and Average pooling have limitations. Max pooling is sensitive to noise, while Average pooling treats all activations equally. Although T-Max-Avg pooling addresses these limitations through adaptive top-k selection, its rigid decision rule requires multiple threshold comparisons and limits efficiency, motivating a simpler decision mechanism. This study introduces average-thresholding pooling (ATP), a simplified adaptive method that replaces multiple threshold comparisons with a single decision based on the average of the top-k activations. This design improves computational efficiency and reduces sensitivity to outliers. Experiments on the STL-10 dataset using a LeNet-5 architecture show that the proposed method achieves accuracy comparable to T-Max-Avg pooling (~55.5%) while consistently improving both training efficiency and inference speed. These results indicate that ATP provides a lightweight and practical alternative for CNN-based image classification, offering an improved balance between classification performance and computational efficiency.
Hybrid Feature Combination of TF-IDF and BERT for Enhanced Information Retrieval Accuracy Pajri Aprilio; Michael Felix; Putu Surya Nugraha; Hasanul Fahmi
JISA(Jurnal Informatika dan Sains) Vol 8, No 1 (2025): JISA(Jurnal Informatika dan Sains)
Publisher : Universitas Trilogi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31326/jisa.v8i1.2179

Abstract

Text representation is a critical component in Natural Language Processing tasks such as information retrieval and text classification. Traditional approaches like Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) provide a simple and efficient way to represent term importance but lack the ability to capture semantic meaning. On the other hand, deep learning models such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) produce context-aware embeddings that enhance semantic understanding but may overlook exact term relevance. This study proposes a hybrid approach that combines TF-IDF and BERT through a weighted feature-level fusion strategy. The TF-IDF vectors are reduced in dimension using Truncated Singular Value Decomposition and aligned with BERT vectors. The combined representation is used to train a fully connected neural network for binary classification of document relevance. The model was evaluated using the CISI benchmark dataset and compared with standalone TF-IDF and BERT models. Experimental results show that the hybrid model achieved a training accuracy of 97.43 percent and the highest test accuracy of 80.02 percent, outperforming individual methods. These findings confirm that combining lexical and contextual features can enhance classification accuracy and generalization. This approach provides a more robust solution for improving real-world information retrieval systems where both term specificity and contextual relevance are important.
Co-Authors Hasanul Fahmi Michael Felix Putu Surya Nugraha Tjong Wan Sen