Abdelmouttalib Bousrout
Ibn Tofail University

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Compact miniaturized antenna design and development for a leadless cardiac pacemaker Abdelmouttalib Bousrout; Asma Khabba; Saida Ibnyaich; Tomader Mazri; Mohamed Habibi; Tole Sutikno
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 22, No 6: December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v22i6.25958

Abstract

Biomedical antennas play a crucial role in implantable medical telemetry, improving patient monitoring and overall well-being. This study presents a compact antenna designed for a lead-free pacemaker, with dimensions of 3.3×4×0.5 mm³. Miniaturization required open cuts in the ground plane and radiating patch, as well as a localized resistance element. The antenna features an exceptional bandwidth of 1646.8 MHz (1.0602-2.7070) GHz, guaranteeing constant performance in the human body. It covers the industrial, scientific and medical bands (ISM, 2.4-2.48 GHz) and ultra-high frequencies (UHF, 0.3-13 GHz). Simulation in a phantom produced a gain of -19.78 dBi at 2.45 GHz and -34.44 dBi at 1.2 GHz. Safety was confirmed by a specific absorption rate (SAR) study using a cardiac model. The antenna’s low SAR (10 g-Avg) enabled maximum input powers to be established: 20.2 mW at 1.2 GHz and 21.23 mW at 2.45 GHz. Comparative simulations using high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) and computer simulation technology (CST) highlighted the antenna’s superiority over recent systems, demonstrating its effectiveness in the human heart. This antenna represents an advanced solution for improving patient care. Consequently, this antenna emerges as an advanced solution for addressing infectious diseases and cardiovascular conditions in the realm of medical advancements.
Uplink power control for multi-path channel estimation in massive multiple-input multiple-output systems Jamal Amadid; Asma Khabba; Zakaria El Ouadi; Lahcen Sellak; Abdelmouttalib Bousrout; Abdelouhab Zeroual; Tole Sutikno
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 15, No 2: April 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v15i2.10707

Abstract

Multi-path communication channels provide a realistic representation of transmitter-receiver communication in practical propagation environments. This work investigates uplink (UL) multi-path channel estimation (CE) in a massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) multi-cell multi-user system, where each user communicates with its serving base station (BS) through a multi-path channel. The network operates using time-division duplex (TDD), exploiting channel reciprocity between the uplink and downlink. The impact of multi path propagation on CE is analyzed using two approaches: the ideal minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator and a proposed simplified estimator. The MMSE estimator assumes prior knowledge of the large-scale fading (LSF) coefficients of interfering users, which is impractical in real systems. To overcome this limitation, a simplified estimator is proposed that does not require such information while achieving asymptotic performance close to that of the MMSE estimator. Realistic propagation scenarios are also considered, where channels may include either non-line-of-sight (NLoS) components or a combination of line-of-sight (LoS) and NLoS paths depending on the user’s distance from the BS. Furthermore, a heuristic power control strategy is introduced to mitigate pilot contamination, particularly for cell-edge users, thereby reducing inter-cell interference and improving overall system performance. Analytical and simulation results validate the proposed approach.