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All Journal Takuana: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, dan Humaniora Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry Safīnah: Indonesian Journal of Sharia and Islamic Sciences
Fiqi Restu Subekti
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
Arts Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Islamic Theology and Pluralism: Aqidah in Multicultural Contexts Fiqi Restu Subekti; Achmad Hidayatullah; Noni Kensiwi
Indonesian Journal of Sharia and Islamic Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): January: Safīnah: Indonesian Journal of Sharia and Islamic Sciences
Publisher : CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI

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Abstract

Pluralism has become an unavoidable reality in contemporary multicultural societies, raising important theological questions regarding how Islamic belief (aqidah) engages religious diversity without losing doctrinal coherence. In contexts such as Indonesia, where social life is shaped by deep religious plurality, Islamic theology is increasingly challenged to articulate faith as a source of ethical guidance, social harmony, and civic responsibility. This study aims to analyze the role of aqidah in responding to pluralism through theological discourse, Islamic education, and social practice. The research employs a qualitative normative interpretative method based on systematic literature analysis of contemporary Islamic theological, educational, and legal studies related to pluralism and religious moderation. Data are examined through thematic and comparative analysis to identify patterns of theological reasoning and practical application. The findings show that aqidah functions as a dynamic moral foundation that sustains firm belief while promoting moderation, dialogue, and coexistence. When integrated into education and da’wah, aqidah strengthens social cohesion and ethical engagement in multicultural settings.
Idealism and Realism in the Study of the Philosophy of Islamic Family Law Noni Kensiwi; Fiqi Restu Subekti
Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry Vol 1 No 2 (2025): December: Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry
Publisher : CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65310/xs6xfx32

Abstract

The philosophy of Islamic family law is characterized by a persistent tension between normative Idealism and contextual Realism. Idealism emphasizes fidelity to divine texts, moral universality, and transcendent legal purposes, while Realism prioritizes empirical conditions, social effectiveness, and institutional implementation. This article examines the conceptual foundations of both paradigms and analyzes their practical implications for marriage, divorce, and inheritance within contemporary Muslim societies. Employing a qualitative normative methodology based on literature review, philosophical analysis, and comparative socio-legal studies, the article demonstrates that neither Idealism nor Realism alone can adequately address the complexity of modern family law challenges. The study argues that a maqasidiyah-oriented framework offers an effective epistemological synthesis by integrating teleological reasoning with contextual sensitivity. By treating the objectives of the Sharia as the primary normative reference while incorporating empirical data as interpretive guidance, maqasidiyah reconciles textual authority with social reality. The article concludes that this synthesis enables adaptive and accountable ijtihad, strengthens substantive justice, and enhances the relevance of Islamic family law in plural and evolving legal environments.
Humanisme sebagai Etika Politik: Relasi Negara dan Agama dalam Pemikiran Abdurrahman Wahid Widya Rahmalestari; Aswar; Fiqi Restu Subekti
Takuana: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, dan Humaniora Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): Takuana (January-March)
Publisher : MAN 4 Kota Pekanbaru

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56113/takuana.v4i4.305

Abstract

This study examines Abdurrahman Wahid’s (Gus Dur) thought on humanism as a foundation of political ethics in the relationship between the state and religion. The aim of this research is to explain how humanism in Gus Dur’s intellectual framework functions as a moral principle that both limits state power and prevents religion from being instrumentalized as a source of political legitimacy. Employing a qualitative approach, this study applies textual analysis to Gus Dur’s major works, particularly “Tuhan Tidak Perlu Dibela” and “Islamku, Islam Anda, Islam Kita”, supplemented by secondary literature. The findings indicate that Gus Dur conceives the state as a worldly institution whose primary responsibility is to safeguard human dignity, social justice, and freedom of religion, without intervening in the domain of theological truth. In this framework, religion serves as a source of ethical values rather than as a state ideology. The novelty of this study lies in articulating Gus Dur’s theistic humanism as a political-ethical framework that rejects both religious formalism and extreme secularism, thereby offering a mediating perspective for governing public life in a plural society. This study underscores the continued relevance of Gus Dur’s thought for strengthening inclusive political ethics in contemporary Indonesia.
Co-Authors Achmad Hidayatullah Aswar Noni Kensiwi Widya Rahmalestari