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Mundakir Mundakir
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Indonesia
Health Professions

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Deep-Breathing Exercise for Reducing Signs and Symptoms of Risk for Violent Behavior in Pediatric Psychiatric Inpatients: A Three-Case Series Mundakir Mundakir; Septriana Puja Prameswari; Chlara Yunita Prabawati; Anis Rosyiatul Husna
Indonesian Academia Health Sciences Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2026): INDONESIAN ACADEMIA HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/inahes.v7i1.33215

Abstract

Background: Patients with a nursing diagnosis of risk for violent behavior may display verbal threats, aggressive behavior, clenched fists, a rigid posture, facial flushing, and other signs of escalating anger. Deep-breathing exercise is a simple nonpharmacological nursing intervention intended to reduce physical tension and support emotional control. Objective: To describe changes in signs and symptoms of risk for violent behavior and the ability to perform a deep-breathing exercise among three pediatric psychiatric inpatients. Methods: A descriptive case series was conducted in the Lily Ward of Menur Mental Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from June 3 to 23, 2024. Three inpatients aged 10-17 years with a nursing diagnosis of risk for violent behavior received a supervised deep-breathing exercise on seven consecutive days. The core breathing exercise lasted 5 minutes and consisted of sitting comfortably, closing the eyes, inhaling slowly through the nose, holding the breath for 3 seconds, and exhaling slowly through the mouth. Outcomes were observed using a 14-item checklist based on the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standards. Each present sign or symptom was scored 1 and each absent sign or symptom was scored 0. Results: At baseline, Cases 1, 2, and 3 displayed 7/14 (50.0%), 8/14 (57.1%), and 5/14 (35.7%) signs and symptoms, respectively. No reduction was observed on Day 1, when all participants were unwilling to complete the exercise. On Day 2, the respective scores decreased to 5, 6, and 3; on Day 3, to 3, 4, and 1; and on Day 4, to 2, 2, and 0. No observed signs or symptoms were recorded in any participant from Days 5 through 7. All participants partially completed the exercise on Day 2 and completed all procedural steps from Days 3 through 7. Conclusion: Repeated deep-breathing exercise was feasible after an initial engagement period and was accompanied by a progressive reduction in observed signs and symptoms of risk for violent behavior. Because this uncontrolled three-case series cannot establish causality, deep breathing should be considered an adjunct to comprehensive psychiatric and nursing care rather than a replacement for standard treatment.
Sociodemographic and Nursing Characteristics of Residents With Schizophrenia in an Indonesian Social Care Home: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study Intan Fidyatul Fuaidah; Mundakir Mundakir; Reliani Reliani; Nugroho Ari Wibowo; Supriyono Supriyono
Indonesian Academia Health Sciences Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2026): INDONESIAN ACADEMIA HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/inahes.v7i1.33216

Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia is a disabling psychotic disorder that affects perception, cognition, behavior, social participation, education, and employment. Residents of social care facilities may have additional vulnerabilities related to homelessness, disrupted family relationships, poverty, and limited continuity of care. Local descriptions of their sociodemographic and nursing characteristics can support service planning. Objective: To describe the sociodemographic characteristics and primary nursing problems of residents recorded as having schizophrenia in a social care home in Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study used total enumeration of 80 residents with a recorded diagnosis of schizophrenia in wards A, B, C, and E of the Keputih Social Care Home. Age, sex, and educational attainment were obtained from medical records; pre-admission monthly income and marital status were collected through structured interviews; and the primary nursing problem was identified through interview and observation using a mental health nursing assessment form. Data were summarized as frequencies and percentages. Results: The largest age group was 39–46 years (23/80, 28.7%). Most residents were women (54/80, 67.5%), had completed senior secondary school (26/80, 32.5%), reported a pre-admission monthly income of IDR 0–285,000 (30/80, 37.5%), and had never married (52/80, 65.0%). Hallucinations were the most frequently recorded primary nursing problem (62/80, 77.5%), followed by risk for violent behavior (8/80, 10.0%), disturbed self-concept (5/80, 6.3%), delusions (3/80, 3.8%), and social isolation (2/80, 2.5%). Conclusion: The residents were predominantly middle-aged, female, economically disadvantaged, and never married, while hallucinations dominated the recorded nursing profile. The findings support routine multidimensional assessment, individualized symptom management, psychosocial rehabilitation, supported social participation, and coordinated plans for community reintegration. Because the study was descriptive and facility-based, the distributions should not be interpreted as risk estimates or as representative of all people with schizophrenia in Indonesia.
Online Gaming Addiction and Self-Reported Emotional Responses Among Married Men in Sidoarjo, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study Mundakir Mundakir; Muhammad Luqman Fariz; Fathiya Lutfil Yumni; Reliani Reliani
Indonesian Academia Health Sciences Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2026): INDONESIAN ACADEMIA HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/inahes.v7i1.33217

Abstract

Background: Problematic online gaming may interfere with emotional control and family functioning, but evidence among married adult men in Indonesian community settings remains limited. Objective: To examine the association between online gaming addiction severity and self-reported emotional response levels among married male heads of household in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study included 91 married male heads of household aged 28-43 years who played online games and were recruited by purposive sampling from two neighborhood units in Gelam Village, Sidoarjo, during July-August 2023. Gaming addiction was assessed using the 21-item Game Addiction Scale, and emotional responses were assessed with a 15-item study-specific questionnaire covering anger, sadness, fear, and happiness. Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation were used. Results: Severe gaming addiction was reported by 46 participants (50.5%), and a high emotional response level was reported by 41 participants (45.1%). Among participants with severe gaming addiction, 26 of 46 (56.5%) had a high emotional response level, compared with 1 of 14 (7.1%) among those with mild gaming addiction. Gaming addiction severity was positively associated with emotional response level (Spearman rho = 0.371, p < .001). Conclusion: Greater online gaming addiction severity was associated with higher self-reported emotional response levels among married men in this community sample. Because the design was cross-sectional and both measures were self-reported, the findings do not establish causality. Community and mental health nursing programs should consider family-centered screening, emotion-regulation support, and referral for individuals with persistent gaming-related impairment.
Clean and Healthy Living Behavior for the Prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in the Urban Community: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study Sevira Gebby Pricillia; Reliani Reliani; Chlara Yunita Prabawati; Mundakir Mundakir
Indonesian Academia Health Sciences Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2026): INDONESIAN ACADEMIA HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/inahes.v7i1.33218

Abstract

Background: Household environmental management and sustained preventive behavior remain central to dengue control, particularly in densely populated urban settings. Objective: To describe community knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to Clean and Healthy Living Behavior for dengue prevention in the Wonokusumo Public Health Center catchment area, Surabaya. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 7 to 13 August 2023 among 167 household representatives aged 26–70 years in RW 10, Wonokusumo. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from established dengue knowledge, health-belief, and prevention-practice instruments. Knowledge, attitude, and practice were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Results: Most respondents had good knowledge (127/167; 76.0%) and a positive attitude toward dengue prevention (135/167; 80.8%). However, more than half had poor preventive practices (87/167; 52.0%); only 55 respondents (33.0%) were categorized as having good practices. Respondents were predominantly male (62.2%), aged 37–47 years (38.0%), educated to senior high-school level (45.0%), and married (82.0%). Conclusion: The community demonstrated a clear knowledge–practice gap: favorable knowledge and attitudes had not consistently translated into routine household dengue prevention. Community nursing programs should move beyond information delivery toward repeated household monitoring, practical demonstrations, family participation, and coordinated action with local health volunteers and community leaders.
Nurses’ Work Motivation Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in the Inpatient Wards of a Psychiatric Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study Mundakir Mundakir; Dwi Nurcahyono; Siswanto Agung Siswanto Agung; Reliani Reliani; Diah Priyantini
Indonesian Academia Health Sciences Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2026): INDONESIAN ACADEMIA HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/inahes.v7i1.33222

Abstract

Background: Nurses working in psychiatric inpatient settings provide continuous care in environments characterized by complex patient needs, safety concerns, emotional demands, and shift-based work. Work motivation is therefore important for sustaining nursing performance and service quality. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs offers a multidimensional framework for examining whether nurses’ physiological, safety, affiliation, esteem, and self-actualization needs are being met. Objective: To describe nurses’ work motivation according to the five domains of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in the inpatient wards of a psychiatric hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 79 inpatient staff nurses selected from a population of 98 nurses using purposive sampling. Eligible participants were civil-service or public-service-agency staff nurses, had worked for more than one year, and held a diploma or professional nursing qualification. Data were collected using a Likert-type questionnaire adapted from a previous work-motivation instrument. Domain scores were classified as good (76%–100%), moderate (56%–75%), or poor (<56%). Data were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Results: The sample was almost evenly divided by sex (50.6% women), and 40.5% were aged 41–50 years. Most nurses held a diploma in nursing (81.0%), and 39.2% had worked for more than 10 years. The proportion classified as having good motivation was 62.0% for physiological needs, 64.6% for safety and security needs, 87.3% for affiliation and acceptance needs, 91.1% for esteem and status needs, and 68.4% for self-actualization needs. Esteem and status represented the strongest domain, whereas physiological needs had the lowest proportion in the good category. Conclusion: Most inpatient psychiatric nurses reported good motivation across all five Maslow domains, particularly in esteem and affiliation. Nevertheless, approximately one-third of nurses did not reach the good category for physiological, safety, or self-actualization needs. Hospital managers should maintain recognition and supportive relationships while strengthening compensation adequacy, workplace safety, career development, and opportunities for professional growth.
Co-Authors Anis Rosyiatul Husna Dwi Nurcahyono Fathiya Lutfil Yumni Intan Fidyatul Fuaidah Muhammad Luqman Fariz Nugroho Ari Wibowo Priyantini, Diah Reliani Reliani Septriana Puja Prameswari Sevira Gebby Pricillia Siswanto Agung Siswanto Agung Supriyono Supriyono Yunita Prabawati, Chlara