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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal International Journal of Zakat (IJAZ) Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions
Muhammad Syakhsan Haq
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Religion Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Zakat Distribution Concentration on Poverty Alleviation: A Spatial Analysis in Indonesia-Malaysia Using LQ-DLQ and Panel Data Models Muhammad Syakhsan Haq
International Journal of Zakat Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Zakat
Publisher : Center of Strategic Studies (PUSKAS) BAZNAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37706/ijaz.v10i1.660

Abstract

Zakat has a strategic role in reducing poverty, but its effectiveness depends on the concentration of distribution in each region. This study maps the spread of zakat distribution concentration in Indonesia and Malaysia using the modified Location Quotient and Dynamic Location Quotient (LQ-DLQ) method for spatial analysis and measures its impact on poverty through panel data regression models. This approach also compares the effectiveness of the voluntary zakat system in Indonesia with the mandatory zakat system in Malaysia. The results show that the concentration of zakat distribution significantly reduces poverty. Moreover, interaction analysis shows that the mandatory zakat system in Malaysia is more effective in reducing poverty than the voluntary zakat system in Indonesia. Other results also found areas with superior zakat distribution concentration such as DKI Jakarta, Selangor, and Kelantan, but there are also areas such as East Java which although has an average zakat distribution above the national average, the concentration is still classified as underdeveloped. This research recommends amil to optimize zakat distribution locally, especially in underdeveloped areas, and encourage collaboration between countries to improve zakat management.
Analysing the Dynamics of Indonesian Banks’ Performance Under Artificial Intelligence Adoption: An Empirical and Simulation Approach Muhammad Syakhsan Haq; M. Fathur Rahman; Ahmad Muzakki Aldi Pratama; Muhammad Syakhsan Haq; M. Fathur Rahman; Ahmad Muzakki Aldi Pratama
Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Bank Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21098/jcli.v5i3.389

Abstract

This study analyses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on bank performance and financial stability in Indonesia using a combined empirical and simulation approach. Employing monthly panel data from 50 Indonesian banks during the period 2017–2023, the empirical analysis applies Feasible Generalised Least Squares (FGLS) and staggered Difference-inDifferences (DiD) estimators following Callaway and Sant’Anna to identify the effects of AI adoption. The results show that AI adoption increases Return on Assets (ROA) by 0.116 percentage points and reduces Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) by 0.068 percentage points, while AI chatbot implementation raises ROA by 0.189 percentage points and lowers the Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) by 3.18 percentage points. In contrast, AI training is associated with a short-run decline in ROA, reflecting implementation and adjustment costs. Staggered DiD estimates indicate that bank performance weakened during the COVID-19 period due to heightened liquidity pressures but stabilised in the post-pandemic phase, thereby contributing to improved financial stability. Complementing the empirical findings, a system dynamics simulation demonstrates that AI investments initially constrain profitability growth but yield accelerating gains over time through efficiency improvements and risk mitigation. Overall, the study highlights the importance of phased AI adoption and institutional readiness in strengthening bank performance and financial stability in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Ahmad Muzakki Aldi Pratama Ahmad Muzakki Aldi Pratama M. Fathur Rahman M. Fathur Rahman Muhammad Syakhsan Haq