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All Journal Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology Sinteza
Achdi Kurnia
Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Social Sciences

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Energy Adequacy During Suhoor and Glycemic Stability for Elderly Diabetics Achdi Kurnia; Hafidz Muhammad Prodjokusumo; Rahmat Dahlan
Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology (JSRET) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 5 No. 1 2026
Publisher : Kirana Publisher (KNPub)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58526/jsret.v5i1.1058

Abstract

Fasting is a mandatory worship practice for Muslims, including for the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). However, this condition poses challenges in maintaining glycemic stability and energy adequacy from suhoor to iftar time. The study identified optimal nutritional strategies to achieve energy sufficiency during suhoor and to maintain stable blood glucose levels in the elderly with DM2. The research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, examining scientific articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science from 2010–2024. Literature selection is carried out through the stages of identification, screening, and eligibility using the PRISMA guidelines. The results of the study showed that a balanced composition of suhoor food including complex carbohydrates (100–150 g), animal protein (50–75 g), vegetable protein (±50 g), fibrous vegetables (±100 g), low glycemic index fruit (±100 g), healthy fats (30–50 g), low-fat milk (±200 ml), and adequate hydration (2–3 glasses of water) play an important role in maintaining glycemic stability in the elderly with DM2. The energy needs of the elderly with diabetes range from 25–30 kcal/kg of body weight per day, with suhoor contributing around 30–40% of the total daily energy needs (±450–600 kcal). Energy intake below the sufficiency threshold can increase the risk of hypoglycemia, fatigue, and impaired metabolic function. In contrast, energy intake above the maximum limit can lead to hyperglycemia, obesity, and insulin resistance. The importance of planning a balanced suhoor menu to maintain stable blood glucose levels in elderly individuals with DM2 during fasting.
Pharmacological Insight Among Medical Students and Implications for Practice Ethics Achdi Kurnia
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i2.33425

Abstract

This cross-sectional quantitative study aims to analyse the level of pharmacological knowledge among medical students and to examine its association with reduced potential violations in medical practice. The study involved 105 active students from the Medical Education Study Program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr HAMKA (UHAMKA) and used a Likert-scale questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. The results show a statistically significant moderate association between pharmacological knowledge and the reduction of potential violations. These findings suggest that pharmacological knowledge is related to safer self-reported practices among medical students. Nevertheless, this study has several limitations, including reliance on self-reported data, a single-institution sample, and the lack of a fully validated instrument to measure potential violations. Therefore, the results reflect statistical association rather than causation. Future studies are recommended to use larger, multicentre samples, validated measurement tools, and more robust analytical approaches to understand better the relationship between pharmacological knowledge and safe medical practice.
Co-Authors Hafidz Muhammad Prodjokusumo Rahmat Dahlan