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All Journal Journal of Community Health Provision Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health
Mona Nulanda
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muslim Indonesia
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Comparison of Diazepam and Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO₄) Administration in Patients with Eclampsia Muhammad Rifqi Mudhoffar; Mona Nulanda; Julia Hasir
Journal of Community Health Provision Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Community Health Provision
Publisher : PSPP JOURNALS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55885/jchp.v6i1.945

Abstract

Eclampsia is a serious obstetric complication characterized by seizures in pregnant or postpartum women with preeclampsia and remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Management of eclampsia focuses on the prevention and control of seizures using anticonvulsants, with diazepam and magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) being the most commonly used drugs. However, the efficacy and safety of these two agents show significant differences. This literature review aims to compare the effectiveness of diazepam and magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) in patients with eclampsia in terms of seizure prevention, maternal mortality, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study employed a literature review design using a narrative review approach. Literature searches were conducted via PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, PLOS ONE, BMC, Cureus, and SINTA using keywords related to eclampsia, magnesium sulfate, and diazepam. Relevant research articles from 2020–2025 and textbooks from 2015–2025 were analyzed narratively based on methodological quality and topic relevance. Most studies indicate that MgSO₄ is more effective than diazepam in preventing recurrent seizures, reducing maternal mortality, and yielding better maternal and neonatal outcomes. Diazepam is associated with lower efficacy and a higher risk of adverse effects. Major barriers to the use of MgSO₄ include resource constraints and the readiness of healthcare facilities. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) is the first-line therapy and the gold standard in the management of eclampsia. Strengthening policies, improving the competence of healthcare workers, and ensuring the availability of MgSO₄ must be prioritized to reduce maternal mortality due to eclampsia.
Clinicopathological Characteristics of HPV-Related and HPV-Independent Cervical Cancer: Literature Review Hasmina Rahman; Mona Nulanda; Dachlia Sri Sakti
Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health
Publisher : ScieClouds Publishing

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Abstract

Cervical cancer is one of the leading malignancies in women, and most cases are associated with high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18. However, advances in classification and molecular pathology indicate that there is a group of cervical cancers that develop without HPV involvement, namely HPV-independent cervical cancer. This literature review aims to analyze the differences in clinicopathological characteristics of HPV-related and HPV-independent cervical cancer. This study uses a narrative literature review method by examining scientific articles obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar, and SpringerLink in the publication period 2016–2026. The analyzed literature discusses clinical, histopathological, and molecular characteristics, prognosis, and therapeutic implications based on HPV status. The results of the study indicate that HPV-related cervical cancer generally occurs at a younger age, is dominated by squamous cell carcinoma, shows strong p16 expression, and has a better therapeutic response and prognosis. In contrast, HPV-independent cervical cancer is more common in older patients, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, has histopathological subtypes such as gastric-type adenocarcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, and mesonephric carcinoma, and is associated with mutations in genes such as TP53, KRAS, PIK3CA, and PTEN. This group also exhibits higher tumor aggressiveness, more frequent lymphovascular invasion, a greater risk of recurrence, and a poorer prognosis. Therefore, HPV status plays a crucial role in determining the clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies of cervical cancer. Immunohistochemistry-based diagnostic approaches, molecular testing, and more individualized therapies are needed to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
Co-Authors Dachlia Sri Sakti Hasmina Rahman Julia Hasir Muhammad Rifqi Mudhoffar