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All Journal IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems)
I Gede Surya Dinata
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering

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Development and Validation of a Virtual Reality Circumcision Training Simulator: Simulator Sickness, User Experience, and Clinical Performance in Bali, Indonesia I Gede Partha Sindu; Ni Ketut Kertiasih; I Gede Surya Dinata; Putu Sugiartawan
IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) Vol 19, No 4 (2025): October
Publisher : IndoCEISS in colaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijccs.111664

Abstract

Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly integrated into medical education, yet its application in Indonesia remains limited. This study developed and validated a VR-based circumcision simulator to evaluate simulator sickness, user experience, and clinical performance. A mixed-methods, repeated-measures design was conducted with 74 participants (25 Novices, 24 Intermediates, 25 Experts). Participants engaged in three simulation modes (Autonomous, Guided, Haptic). Instruments included SSQ, FMS, VRNQ, UEQ-S, Checklist, and OSATS. Analyses employed repeated-measures ANOVA, nonparametric tests, and Spearman correlations. Simulator sickness was highest in Autonomous Mode. User experience scores improved with expertise, showing positive correlations with performance and negative correlations with sickness. Experts consistently outperformed other groups, and skill improvements were retained for up to one month. The VR circumcision simulator demonstrated strong construct validity and educational impact. Instructional modes effectively reduced sickness, while haptic integration enhanced spatial orientation. Future studies should incorporate physiological measures and assess real-world skill transfer.
Co-Authors I Gede Partha Sindu Ni Ketut Kertiasih Putu Sugiartawan