Etika Ratna Noer
Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java

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THE LIPID ACCUMULATION PRODUCT INDEX AS AN ALTERNATIVE BIOMARKER FOR EARLY DETECTION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME: A NARRATIVE REVIEW Alya Ayu Alvitananda; Adriyan Pramono; Etika Ratna Noer
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 15, No 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v15i2.52752

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackground: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic disorders that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Early detection is crucial, especially in developing countries with limited healthcare services and infrastructure. The lipid accumulation product (LAP) index offers a simple, affordable, and accurate alternative biomarker because it reflects visceral fat accumulation as a significant risk factor for MetS.Objective: This review aims to evaluate the potential of the LAP index as an alternative biomarker for MetS screening through a narrative review of various global epidemiological studies.Methods: This study employs a narrative review approach, incorporating theoretical analysis and data from international articles. The search was conducted across several databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Data were searched from peer-reviewed articles published between 2016 and 2025 using several selected keywords, including lipid accumulation product, metabolic syndrome, biomarkers, visceral fat, and insulin resistance.Results: A review of 10 studies showed that the LAP index had an area under the curve (AUC) value > 0.850 in most studies, with sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp) generally exceeding 80%. The LAP index also demonstrated better or comparable diagnostic performance to other biomarkers. In addition to its good statistical validity, this index also excels in terms of physiology and practicality.Conclusion: The LAP index has the potential to serve as an efficient, affordable, and applicable biomarker for screening MetS based on various global epidemiological studies, and supports more targeted prevention and lifestyle interventions in at-risk individuals.Keywords: Lipid accumulation product; metabolic syndrome; biomarker; visceral fat; insulin resistance
Effects of the corporate wellness program on nutritional status parameters in employees with obesity Sugiarto Sugiarto; Mohammad Arif Ali; Etika Ratna Noer; Yuliana Noor Setiawati Ulvie; Andi Kurniawan; Mutiara Amalia Fadzilla Raharjo; Ani Mazlina Dewi Mohamed; Setya Rahayu; Azkia Agustina; Gustiana Mega Anggita; Zahrah Zakiya Ahda
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 14, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.14.2.201-207

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackground: The Corporate Wellness Program (CWP) is a new physical exercise initiative designed to address the rising prevalence of obesity among PERTAMINA employees. Obesity negatively affects work performance. Body mass index (BMI) alone is not a sufficient indicator of obesity; therefore, additional measures such as visceral fat assessment are needed. Although nutritional interventions and physical activity are effective in reducing obesity, the effectiveness of structured workplace exercise programs requires further investigation using comprehensive parameters.Objective: the purpose of the study was to investigate effects of the CWP on body weight, BMI, and visceral fat in obese employees.Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was used. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Twenty-six participants were selected from 150 employees using purposive sampling. The CWP was developed based on the FITT (Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type) principle, with progressive overload applied throughout the intervention. Participants completed 24 exercise sessions (60 minutes per session, three times per week) equal to 2 months of intervention. Body weight, height, and visceral fat were measured using the Tanita BC-545N segmental body composition scale and the Tanita HR-200 wall-mounted height rod, following standardized procedures. A paired-sample t-test was used to compare pre- and post-intervention outcomes.Results: Participants showed a meaningful decrease in body weight, females dropping from 85.73 kg to 78.63 kg (−7.10 kg), males from 97.75 kg to 91.27 kg (−6.48 kg). BMI followed the same downward trend, females falling from 33.05 kg/m² to 30.55 kg/m² (−2.51 kg/m²), and males from 34.15 kg/m² to 31.92 kg/m² (−2.23 kg/m²) as p < 0.05. Visceral fat levels were also significantly reduced, females from 11.07 % to 10.00 % (−1.07 %), and males from 16.97 % to 15.11 % (−1.87 %) as p < 0.05).Conclusion: The CWP effectively contributed to reductions in obesity indicators among PERTAMINA employees.Keywords : Body mass index; body weight; fitness and health; physical exercise; visceral fat