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All Journal Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Pendidikan (JEBP)
Sabah Ahmed Asmaeel
University of Samarra
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Other

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FISCAL POLICY AND ITS ROLE IN ADDRESSING UNEMPLOYMENT IN IRAQ (2010-2020) Sabah Ahmed Asmaeel
Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Pendidikan Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

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Unemployment is one of the most serious economic and social problems facing the Iraqi economy. At the time unemployment in Iraq worsened significantly after 2010 due to political and security changes, compounded by the rentier structure of the oil-dependent economy. This research aims to analyze the role of fiscal policy, through its instruments of government spending, tax revenues, and public debt, in addressing unemployment in Iraq during the period 2010-2020. The research employed a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing data from the Central Bank of Iraq and the Ministry of Planning. The study found an economic relationship between fiscal policy and unemployment; however, this relationship was not sufficiently effective due to the dominance of consumer spending over investment spending, weak tax revenues, and fluctuating oil prices, which negatively impacted financial stability. The research recommends restructuring government spending to favor investment, diversifying revenue sources, and supporting the private sector and labor-intensive sectors such as agriculture and tourism.
THE DUAL IMPACT OF OIL PRICE VOLATILITY ON IRAQ'S GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE PERIOD 2010-2023 Sabah Ahmed Asmaeel
Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Pendidikan Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

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The Iraqi economy is heavily dependent on crude oil revenues, which constitute the primary source of funding for government expenditures and development projects. This study examines the impact of oil price fluctuations on Iraq's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which serves as a key indicator of sustainable economic development. A quantitative research approach was employed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze the relationship between oil prices and GDP over the period 2010–2023. The empirical findings indicate that, in the short run, a one-unit increase in oil prices leads to an approximately ten-unit increase in GDP, demonstrating a significant positive relationship. However, the long-run analysis reveals an inverse relationship between oil prices and GDP, suggesting that excessive dependence on oil revenues may undermine long-term economic sustainability. The findings highlight the importance of utilizing oil revenues more efficiently by strengthening investment in productive sectors, improving governance, reducing the effects of corruption, and promoting economic diversification. Furthermore, infrastructure reconstruction and effective fiscal management are essential for transforming oil wealth into sustainable economic growth.
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