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Exploring the Dimensions of Religious Tourist Satisfaction at Gua Maria Ambarawa: A Phenomenological Investigation Setiamani Buulolo; Pranoto
Jurnal Penelitian Vol. 22 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : University of Merdeka Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26905/jp.v22i2.16447

Abstract

This phenomenological study explores the lived experiences and meaning-making processes of religious tourists visiting Gua Maria Ambarawa, investigating how spiritual service quality, worship facilities, accessibility, and religious atmosphere contribute to visitor satisfaction. Employing an interpretive qualitative approach, this research engaged 100 purposively selected participants through in-depth phenomenological interviews, participant observation, and hermeneutic analysis of tourist narratives. Four primary experiential dimensions emerged: spiritual service as divine mediation (prayer services, spiritual guidance, religious information, ritual ceremonies, worship timing); sacred infrastructure as embodied faith (worship capacity, cleanliness as spiritual purity, liturgical equipment, contemplative spaces, supporting facilities); accessibility as pilgrimage preparation (road conditions, transportation, parking, location accessibility); and religious atmosphere as numinous experience (sacred ambiance, tranquility, religious ornamentation, spiritual atmosphere). Through thematic analysis and phenomenological reduction, the research demonstrates that visitor satisfaction transcends conventional service quality metrics, representing holistic spiritual transformation where pilgrims construct meaning through embodied encounters with the sacred. The findings reveal that 86.6% of satisfaction variance reflects these experiential dimensions, while 13.4% represents the irreducible mystery of individual spiritual journey and divine encounter. This study contributes to religious tourism phenomenology by demonstrating how quantitative satisfaction correlates with qualitative spiritual transformation, offering implications for sustainable sacred site management that honors both visitor spiritual needs and religious authenticity while fostering interfaith dialogue and community development.
Transportation Barriers and Language Constraints: A Qualitative Study of International Tourist Challenges in Accessing Iconic Destinations in Hsinchu, Taiwan Kurniawati Baene; Pranoto
Jurnal Penelitian Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : University of Merdeka Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26905/jp.v23i1.17335

Abstract

Hsinchu, known as the Silicon Valley of Taiwan and the 'Windy City', presents a paradox: a globally significant technology hub that remains largely undiscovered by international tourists compared to Taipei and Kaohsiung. This study examines two dominant barriers that impede international tourists from independently exploring Hsinchu's iconic attractions—namely, the complexity of public transportation systems and the pervasive language constraints arising from Chinese-language dominance in public signage, ticketing systems, and service encounters. Employing an interpretive qualitative methodology, this research conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 24 international tourists from 14 countries who visited Hsinchu between August and November 2024. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-phase reflexive thematic analysis, yielding four overarching themes: (1) navigational disorientation in multi-modal transit systems; (2) communicative exclusion at transport interfaces; (3) cumulative anxiety and destination avoidance; and (4) adaptive coping strategies and technological mediation. The findings reveal that language barriers and transportation complexity function not as isolated inconveniences but as mutually reinforcing constraints that produce compounded tourist anxiety and significantly reduce destination reach, particularly for non-Chinese-speaking independent travellers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, with particular attention to destination marketing, smart tourism infrastructure, and multilingual accessibility frameworks. The study contributes to growing scholarship on under-researched secondary cities in East Asia and advances understanding of inclusive tourism development in language-complex destinations.