<![CDATA[Sektor akuakultur menghadapi tekanan akibat tingginya biaya pakan komersial (60–70% anggaran produksi) dan degradasi kualitas air akibat akumulasi limbah nitrogen dan fosfor. Artikel review yang disusun pada Januari hingga Maret 2026 ini bertujuan memberikan kerangka teoretis komprehensif dalam mengintegrasikan pakan alami lokal dengan formulasi pelet guna memaksimalkan laju pertumbuhan spesifik (LPS) ikan dan meminimalkan limbah organik. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan pustaka sistematis terhadap 25 referensi ilmiah bereputasi terbitan tahun 2010 sampai 2025. Hasil sintesis literatur menunjukkan bahwa intensifikasi ekologis menggunakan bahan lokal seperti Lemna sp., tepung serangga, dan Moringa oleifera efektif menurunkan kadar amonia beracun melalui fitoremediasi alami. Secara biologis, substitusi 5% duckweed (tanaman air) kering terbukti menstimulasi LPS hingga 1,7% pada ikan nila serta menjamin tingkat kelangsungan hidup hingga 99%. Selain itu, pemanfaatan bahan baku lokal ini secara signifikan mengurangi ketergantungan finansial pada pakan impor yang rentan terhadap gangguan rantai pasokan global. Kesimpulannya, sinergi antara teknologi pelet dan pakan alami menjadi jalur strategis yang krusial untuk memperkuat kemandirian ekonomi pembudidaya sekaligus menjaga keberlanjutan lingkungan ekosistem tambak. Kata Kunci: Bahan baku lokal, Fitoremediasi, Keberlanjutan akuakultur, Laju pertumbuhan spesifik, Manajemen kualitas air. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Akter, M., Schrama, J. W., Adhikary, U., Alam, M. S., Mamun-Ur-Rashid, M., & Verdegem, M. (2024). Effect of pellet-size on fish growth, feeding behaviour and natural food web in pond polyculture. Aquaculture, 593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.741342 Bhosale, S. V., Bhilave, M. P., & Nadaf, S. B. (2010). Formulation of fish feed using ingredients from plant sources. International Journal of Advanced Biological Research, 1(1), 1-5. Cao, T. T., Anh Le, H., & Eppe, G. (2025). Nutrient dynamics, environmental impacts, and feed efficiency in intensive whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming on sandy soils in Ninh Thuan, Vietnam. Aquaculture Reports, 44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103050 Caruso, D., Lusiastuti, A. M., Pouil, S., Samsudin, R., Arifin, O. Z., & Slembrouck, J. (2023). Can Azolla filiculoides be a complementary feed resource for ecological intensification in small-scale fish farming? Biological effects on giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy). Aquatic Living Resources, 36. https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023007 Dalbem Barbosa, A. P., Kosten, S., Muniz, C. C., & Oliveira-Junior, E. S. (2024). From feed to fish—Nutrients’ fate in aquaculture systems. Applied Sciences, 14(14), Article 6056. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146056 Devani, V., Basriati, S., & Sari, S. B. (2015). Optimasi kandungan nutrisi pakan ikan buatan dengan menggunakan Multi Objective (Goal) Programming Model. Jurnal Sains, Teknologi dan Industri, 12(2), 255–261. Haetami, K., Aisyah, A., & Abun, A. (2025). Physical processing of various forage plants and their application in aquafeed development. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 25(3), 3141–3149. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v25i3.9505 Herawati, V. E., Pinandoyo, Dharmanto, Y. S., Rismaningsih, N., Windarto, S., & Radjasa, O. K. (2020). The effect of fermented duckweed (Lemna minor) in feed on growth and nutritional quality of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Biodiversitas, 21(7), 3350–3358. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210759 Khiarah Putri, H., Setiawan, A., Mudlofar, F., Warastuti, S., Pontianak, K., & Barat, K. (2024). Kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila (Oreochromis sp.) dengan dosis pelet yang berbeda di keramba jaring apung (KJA) / Growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) with different doses of pellets in floating net cages (KJA). Kinesia, 10(1), 1–10. Kristiana, I., Sembiring, K., Puji Astiyani, W., & Agus Tiawati, d. (2021). Pengaruh penambahan duckweed (Lemna sp.) dan tepung ikan pada pakan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan nila nirwana III (Oreochromis niloticus) (Effect of addition of duckweed (Lemna sp.) and fish meal to feed on growth and survival of nirwana III tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)). Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan, 14(2), 495–503. https://doi.org/10.52046/agrikan.v14i2.495-503 Kusumanto, I., & Hartati, M. (2025). ARSY: Aplikasi Riset kepada Masyarakat (Community support in fish feed pellet production using maggot in Kualu Nenas Village). ARSY: Jurnal Aplikasi Riset kepada Masyarakat, 1(2), 55–62. Laheng, S., Putri, D. U., Putri, I. W., Darmawati, D., Igirisa, F., & Pina, P. (2022). Growth performance of tilapia fed with feed containing Moringa leaf meal and shrimp meal. Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health, 11(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v11i2.23736 Manam, D. V. K. (2023). Fish feed nutrition and its management in aquaculture. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 11(2), 58–61. https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2023.v11.i2a.2791 Manam, D. V. K. (2023). Fish feed nutrition and its management in aquaculture. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 11(2), 58–61. https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2023.v11.i2a.2791 Mulyasari, S., Samsudin, R., Taufik, I., & Kusmini, I. I. (2022). The use of local raw materials and fermented feeds for the growth of Giant Prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1036(1), Article 012075. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1036/1/012075 Musa, S., Aura, C. M., Tomasson, T., Sigurgeirsson, Ó., & Thorarensen, H. (2023). A comparative study of the effects of pelleted and extruded feed on growth, financial revenue and nutrient loading of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) cage culture in a lacustrine environment. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 35(3), 633–655. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.2011528 Opiyo, M. A., Mbogo, K., Abwao, J., Kyule, D., Amahwa, C., Nyonje, B. M., & Munguti, J. (2024). Article history. Sustainable Aquatic Research, 3(3), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14555064 Pakpahan, B. M. T., Lubis, S., Silaban, R., & Siregar, R. E. (2025). Inovasi pakan alami dan teknologi pemeliharaan modern untuk meningkatkan pendapatan kelompok budidaya ikan di Desa Baru, Batang Kuis. INCOME: Indonesian Journal of Community Service and Engagement, 4(3), 218–227. https://doi.org/10.56855/income.v4i3.1705 Prihatini Ilyas, A., Fahruddin, M., Sumbawa Jln Raya Olat Maras Batu Alang, T., Moyo Hulu, K., Sumbawa, K., & Tenggara Barat, N. (2025). Growth and survival of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using a combination of pellets and Lemna (Lemna perpusilla). Journal of Fish Nutrition, 5(2), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.29303/jfn.v5i2.8939 Rifai, R. M., Yulistyorini, A., Siswahyudi, D., Pratiwi, J. R., Fauzi, I. A., & Rachminiwati, N. (2024). A kinetic approach for employing two duckweed species, Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza, in the sustainable aquaculture wastewater treatment and fish feed production. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 31(6), 1223–1230. https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.6.1223-1230 Sharker, M. R., Azim, A., Siddik, M. A. B., Choi, S. D., Halder, P., Haque, M. N., & Alam, M. A. (2025). Nutritional and functional benefits of Gracilaria tenuistipitata in aquafeed: Impacts on growth, hemato-biochemical profile, and economic efficiency in Nile tilapia culture. Aquaculture Reports, 42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102734 Suryaningrum, L. H., & Samsudin, R. (2020a). Nutrient digestibility of green seaweed Ulva meal and the influence on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 32(7), 488–494. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2020.v32.i7.2131 Suryaningrum, L. H., & Samsudin, R. (2020b). Nutritional value and mineral content of seaweed from Binuangeun Beach, Indonesia and potential use as fish feed ingredient. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 429(1), Article 012064. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/429/1/012064 Suryaningrum, L. H., & Samsudin, R. (2021). Improvement quality of sugar cane bagasse as fish feed ingredient. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 679(1), Article 012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/679/1/012003 Umairoh Putri, D., Alithia Ningrum, D., Syahfitri, D., Panjaitan, M., Naomi Siregar, P., & Monalisa Nababan, W. (2025). Pengaruh Suplementasi Pakan terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas pada Ikan dan Ruminansia (Effect of Feed Supplementation on Growth and Productivity in Fish and Ruminants). Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Peternakan Indonesia, 11(1), 20–29. Were, G. J., Irungu, F. G., Ngoda, P. N., Affognon, H., Ekesi, S., Nakimbugwe, D., Fiaboe, K. K. M., Mutungi, C. M. (2022). Nutritional and microbial quality of extruded fish feeds containing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal as a replacement for fish meal for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 34(4), 1036–1052. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.1922327]]>
