FX Eko Armada Riyanto
Widya Sasana College of Philosophy and Theology, Malang, Indonesia

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Disabilities as a Gift and Grace in Family Life: Transforming The Parent–Child Relationship Through John Paul II's Theology of The Body Fabianus Selatang; FX Eko Armada Riyanto; Raymundus I Made Sudhiarsa
International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol 5 No 5 (2026): IJHESS APRIL 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v5i5.2302

Abstract

Families raising children with disabilities often experience profound relational, emotional, and existential challenges that reshape everyday life. Within these complex dynamics, the parent–child relationship becomes a privileged locus for encountering vulnerability, gift, and mutual transformation. This study aims to explore how the embodied experiences of parents and children with disabilities can be understood and renewed through John Paul II's Theology of the Body, particularly his insights on embodiment, gift, and relationality. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, this research gathers and analyses in-depth interviews with parents of children with disabilities to uncover the lived meanings embedded in their daily interactions. The analysis is guided by the theological framework of the Theology of the Body, complemented by Emmanuel Levinas's ethics of the Other and relational perspectives within contemporary pastoral theology. The findings reveal that parents experience their child's body not as a limitation but as an embodied gift that calls forth deeper empathy, self-giving love, and a renewed sense of human dignity. The child's vulnerability becomes a place of grace that transforms parental identity, spirituality, and the understanding of relational reciprocity. Moreover, the study highlights how embodied encounters foster resilience, reshape family practices, and open new horizons for pastoral accompaniment. In conclusion, the integration of phenomenological insights and theological anthropology demonstrates that disability, when viewed through the lens of the Theology of the Body, becomes a transformative pathway of grace that reconfigures the parent–child relationship and enriches the wider pastoral and theological discourse on embodiment.
Studi Filosofis-Teologis tentang Relasi antara Aku dan To Makula dalam Terang Pemikiran Gabriel Marcel Ivan Sampe Buntu; FX Eko Armada Riyanto; Raymundus I Made Sudhiarsa
International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol 6 No 1 (2026): IJHESS AUGUST 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v6i1.2511

Abstract

To makula, literally meaning “a sick person,” is a distinctive concept in Torajan culture referring to a person who has biologically died but whose funeral rites have not yet been completed. Rather than being regarded as dead, the individual continues to be recognized as a relational subject and remains actively integrated into family and communal life through practices such as offering food and drink, speaking to the deceased, and caring for the body within the family house until the funeral ceremony takes place. This study explores the philosophical and theological meaning of the relationship between the self and to makula, examining its existential significance within Torajan anthropology, its influence on everyday life, and its possible religious dimension. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research interprets the lived experience of to makula through Gabriel Marcel’s philosophy, particularly his concepts of being, presence, participation, and interpersonal communion. The findings indicate that to makula embodies an enduring relational existence in which death does not immediately dissolve human relationships but transforms them into a continuing presence sustained through love, memory, communal participation, and spiritual solidarity, thereby revealing a philosophical-theological understanding of personhood that transcends the biological definition of death