<![CDATA[Manual election processes still face various challenges regarding accuracy, efficiency, and transparency, including the potential for data manipulation and delayed vote recapitulation. This study aims to design and build a prototype Internet of Things (IoT)-based e-voting system integrated with the Hyperledger Fabric permissioned blockchain network, as a solution to improve recording accuracy, process transparency, and recapitulation efficiency. As the problem-solving method, the system architecture comprises an ESP32-S3-based Electronic Voting Machine (EVM), a Node.js Backend API Gateway, and a VotingContract chaincode that enforces election phases, prevents double voting via a voterHash derived from the transient map, and provides real-time result query interfaces. Development followed an Agile Scrum methodology across four sprints: Fabric infrastructure setup, EVM assembly and firmware development, data-schema design with API-ledger integration, and web dashboard development. Testing results demonstrate successful execution of authentication, candidate selection, vote recording with Transaction ID (TxID), tally increments, and rejection of double voting across a 74-transaction simulation without a single failure, without storing voters' personal data on the ledger. The main contribution of this research lies in the direct implementation of the Hyperledger Fabric network on a standalone, resource-efficient ESP32-S3-based EVM hardware terminal, an approach that remains largely unexplored in prior IoT-blockchain e-voting research.]]>
