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The impact of nozzle temperature on the shrinkage of annealed 3D printed PLA Sugianto Sugianto; Meriatun Meriatun; Pristiansyah Pristiansyah; Ramli Ramli; Atikah Araminta Wardiyah; Hasdiansah Hasdiansah; Herianto Herianto
Jurnal Polimesin Vol 24, No 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30811/jpl.v24i1.8196

Abstract

Thermal annealing is used to strengthen the mechanical performance and thermal stability of fused deposition modeling (FDM) parts made from polylactic acid (PLA). This treatment frequently introduces dimensional shrinkage, compromising geometric accuracy and limiting the reliability of printed components in demanding applications. Among the printing parameters, nozzle temperature is a key variable because it influences melting behavior, interlayer diffusion, and the buildup of internal stresses, yet its role in managing shrinkage after annealing has not been clearly established. This study evaluates the influence of nozzle temperature on the anisotropic shrinkage of annealed PLA specimens across different specimen lengths and measurement directions (X and Y), with the main analysis conducted at selected nozzle temperatures ranged 195-230°C. Dimensional changes were quantified before and after annealing at 100°C for 60 min, and statistical evaluation was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc testing based on replicated specimens. The results confirm nozzle temperature as a significant contributor to shrinkage behavior, F (2,36) = 30.90, p 0.001, partial η²=0.63. Printing at 230°C consistently yielded the smallest dimensional reduction, outperforming both 210°C and 220°C. Within the examined range, 230°C emerges as the most effective nozzle setting for minimizing annealing-induced shrinkage, offering a practical processing window to improve dimensional accuracy and functional reliability in FDM-printed PLA parts.
Kelayakan Komposit Rpet -Karbon Aktif Sebagai Filamen 3D Studi Eksperimental Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Meriatun Meriatun; Sugianto Sugianto; Hasdiansah Hasdiansah
Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Terapan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Terapan
Publisher : Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33504/jitt.v4i2.369

Abstract

The accumulation of plastic waste, particularly polyethylene terephalate (PET), has become a serious environmental issue due to its widespread use and long degradation period. Although recycling PET waste offers environmental and economic benefits, its limited mechanical properties restrict its potential application in advanced manufacturing such as 3D printing. Previous studies have shown that reinforcement with carbon-based fillers can improve the performance of recycled PET;however, research on the mechanical characterization of recycled PET composites reinforced with activated carbon remains limited. This study aims to examine the feasibility of polymer composites made from recycled PET reinforced with activated carbon as a raw material for 3D filament production. Recycled PET was mixed with various amounts of activated carbon and mechanically tested according to ASTM D638 (tensile test) and ASTM D256 (impact test). The results showed that the addition of activated carbon affected the tensile strength, elastic modulus, and impact toughness. The optimum composition was obtained at 2.25 g of activated carbon, which provided the best impact resistance. However, the low elongation indicated brittle behavior, suggesting that further modification is required. This study provides an alternative approach for utilizing recycled PET plastic waste as a sustainable and functional material for 3D printing filament
Co-Authors Atikah Araminta Wardiyah Hasdiansah, Hasdiansah Herianto . Pristiansyah, Pristiansyah Ramli Ramli Sugianto