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All Journal Transekonomika : Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Keuangan Journal of Management, Accounting, General Finance and International Economic Issues (MARGINAL)
Anggraeni Anggraeni
Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Hayam Wuruk Perbanas, Surabaya, Indonesia
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Social Sciences

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BI Rate as Moderator: Internal Bank Factors and Profitability in Indonesian Banks Alfius Sonandi; Anggraeni Anggraeni
JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTING, GENERAL FINANCE AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ISSUES Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Transpublika Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/marginal.v5i1.1995

Abstract

The banking sector drives Indonesia's economic stability, but profitability depends on internal management and external conditions, especially monetary policy shifts. During 2019–2023, Indonesia's BI Rate fluctuated dramatically. This study examines profitability drivers in publicly listed Indonesian banks under these changing conditions. Using Return on Assets (ROA) as the performance measure, it analyzes how Net Interest Margin (NIM), Operational Expense Ratio (BOPO), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Loan to Asset Ratio (LAR) affect profitability. Panel data from seven banks were analyzed using multiple linear regression models, with one incorporating the BI Rate as a moderating variable. Results show NIM and LDR significantly boost ROA, while BOPO significantly reduces it, emphasizing the importance of interest income efficiency and cost control. NPL and LAR show no significant effect, indicating effective risk and asset management. The BI Rate's moderating effect on the NIM–ROA relationship is statistically insignificant, suggesting monetary policy changes don't substantially alter this relationship. These findings guide banks in optimizing income and costs while showing policymakers the limited role of monetary policy in moderating bank-level performance.
Profitability Determinants in Rural Banks: The Moderating Role of Ownership Nyimas Nunin Anisah Baidury; Anggraeni Anggraeni
TRANSEKONOMIKA: AKUNTANSI, BISNIS DAN KEUANGAN Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Transpublika Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/transekonomika.v5i5.976

Abstract

The profitability of BPRs still faces serious challenges due to relatively low and fluctuating ROA performance compared to other banks. This raises the need to re-examine the financial factors and ownership structure that could potentially affect the performance of BPRs. This study investigates the factors affecting the profitability of rural banks (BPR) in Malang Raya and Pasuruan, Indonesia, with a focus on operational efficiency, credit risk, liquidity, bank size, and ownership structure. Using panel data from the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the study applies multiple linear regression to analyze 168 valid observations after data cleaning. The results reveal that operational efficiency (OER) and credit risk (NPL) negatively affect ROA, while larger bank size also reduces profitability. Liquidity, measured by Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Loan to Asset Ratio (LAR), does not significantly impact ROA. Furthermore, private ownership amplifies the negative effect of credit risk on profitability. These findings suggest that rural banks should focus on improving operational efficiency, managing credit risk more effectively, and addressing management inefficiencies, particularly in larger institutions. The study also highlights the importance of balancing profit maximization with robust risk management in privately owned banks. The implications of this research are valuable for policymakers and bank managers aiming to enhance financial performance and sustainability in the rural banking sector.
Co-Authors Alfius Sonandi Nyimas Nunin Anisah Baidury