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All Journal Panthera : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sains dan Terapan
Iis Siti Jahro
Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Medan, Jalan William Iskandar Ps. V, Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara 20221, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Mathematics Physics Social Sciences

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Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Ion Tembaga (II) Sulfat (CuSO₄) melalui Reaksi Tembaga (II) Oksida dengan Asam Sulfat Iis Siti Jahro; Erniati Zai; Julia Putri Santi Waruwu; Romauli Magdalena Manik S; Theresia Valesita Simamora
Panthera : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sains dan Terapan Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan, Penelitian, dan Pengabdian Kamandanu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/panthera.v6i2.1191

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize and characterize copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) through a simple practical method that is suitable for application in educational laboratories. The synthesis was carried out through a neutralization reaction between copper(II) oxide (CuO) and dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4 2M), followed by heating at a temperature of ±70°C, gravity filtration, temperature crystallization using ice cubes, and drying at room temperature. Characterization was carried out visually on the color and shape of the crystals formed. The synthesis results in a characteristic blue crystal with an actual mass of 0.73 grams. The yield calculation using Mr CuSO4·5H2O (249.5 g/mol) resulted in a yield of 11.7%. The relatively low yield is influenced by the small reaction scale, product loss during the process, and suboptimal crystallization conditions. his method can be an alternative for undergraduate educational practicums, although optimization of reaction conditions is still needed.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Kompleks [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]SO4 Rebecca Febi Permata Br Simorangkir; Amita M. Siregar; Putri Soviana Pakpahan; Yusi Yulfani Siagian; Iis Siti Jahro
Panthera : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sains dan Terapan Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan, Penelitian, dan Pengabdian Kamandanu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/panthera.v6i2.1192

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize and characterize the complex compound [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]SO4 through ligand substitution reaction between CuSO4·5H2O and ammonia solution in the context of coordination chemistry learning. The research problem is focused on the mechanism of complex formation, color changes as an indicator of the formation of coordination compounds, synthesis efficiency based on yield values, and confirmation of the presence of complex constituent ions. Laboratory experimental methods were carried out through complex formation, crystallization, separation, and drying of crystals, as well as classical characterization using solubility tests and chemical reactions with HCl, NaOH, and BaCl₂. The results showed a change in the color of the solution from light blue to deep dark blue which indicates the formation of the complex [Cu(H₂O)₂(NH₃)₄]²⁺ due to the substitution of water ligands by ammonia. Dark blue crystals were successfully obtained with a yield of 91.46% which indicates high synthesis efficiency. Characterization tests confirmed the presence of NH₃ ligands, Cu²⁺ ions, and SO₄²⁻ ions as constituents of the complex. These findings are consistent with valence bond theory and crystal field theory in explaining changes in the coordination structure and optical properties of the complex, making this procedure a potential alternative for simple laboratory experiments in coordination chemistry.
Co-Authors Amita M. Siregar Erniati Zai Julia Putri Santi Waruwu Putri Soviana Pakpahan Rebecca Febi Permata Br Simorangkir Romauli Magdalena Manik S Theresia Valesita Simamora Yusi Yulfani Siagian