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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Tri Sunu Probolaksono
Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

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The Effect of Exercise on Cardiovascular Parameters in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review Eppy Setyowati; Ragil Putri Fitriyana; Tri Sunu Probolaksono; Sulis Setiyanti
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1247

Abstract

Menopause is characterized by a decline in estrogen levels that leads to physiological changes increasing cardiovascular risk, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, and vascular dysfunction. Consequently, cardiovascular disease remains a major public health concern among postmenopausal women. This study aimed to systematically review evidence on the effects of exercise on cardiovascular parameters in postmenopausal women and to identify the most effective exercise modalities for cardiovascular health improvement. A literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2020 and 2025. Study selection followed predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the PICOS framework. Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the synthesis. The findings consistently demonstrated that exercise significantly improves cardiovascular outcomes in postmenopausal women. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise was most frequently associated with reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and improvements in VO₂max. Resistance training improved body composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers, while combined aerobic–resistance programs provided broader cardiovascular benefits. High-intensity interval training yielded marked improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness but requires appropriate supervision. Mind–body exercises were associated with improved autonomic regulation and reduced inflammation. Exercise is a safe and effective strategy for improving cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women. A combination of aerobic, resistance, and complementary exercise modalities is recommended to optimize cardiovascular outcomes and support evidence-based menopausal health management.
Characteristics of Patients Experiencing Post-Spinal Anesthesia Shivering in the Elective Operating Room Eppy Setiyowati; Eka Sulistyowati; Tri Sunu Probolaksono; Ragil Putri Fitriyana
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2377

Abstract

Post-spinal anesthesia shivering can cause discomfort, increased metabolism, heightened surgical wound pain, and serious complications such as increased oxygen consumption, CO₂ production, hypoxemia, lactic acidosis, and cardiac arrhythmias. This condition may also interfere with the interpretation of vital sign monitoring. This study aims to describe the characteristics of patients experiencing shivering in the elective operating rooms of RSUD dr. Mohamad Soewandhie Surabaya. The study focuses on factors such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), operating room temperature, and duration of surgery. This research employed a descriptive design and used consecutive sampling, involving 101 post-spinal anesthesia patients who experienced shivering in the elective operating rooms of RSUD dr. Mohamad Soewandhie Surabaya. Data were collected using an observation checklist and analyzed descriptively in the form of frequency distribution and percentages. The results showed that the majority of patients were in the late elderly age group (56–65 years) (51.5%), male (63.4%), and had a normal BMI (73.3%). All patients were exposed to operating room temperatures below 20°C (very cold), and almost all surgeries lasted between 1–2 hours (79.2%). Operating room temperature was the most dominant factor.
Co-Authors Eka Sulistyowati Eppy Setiyowati Eppy Setyowati Ragil Putri Fitriyana Ragil Putri Fitriyana Sulis Setiyanti