Maitha Annthonette Wulan Keloay
Poltekkes Kemenkes Manado

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The Effect of Empowering Health Cadres Through Whatsapp on the Knowledge and Skills of Health Cadres in Hypertension Management Maitha Annthonette Wulan Keloay; Ferry Efendi; Makhfudli Makhfudli; Retno Indrawati; Andri Setiya Wahyudi; Elida Ulfiana
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1397

Abstract

Hypertension remains one of the leading causes of global mortality, affecting approximately 1.28 billion adults worldwide, yet only 21% successfully manage to control their blood pressure. This highlights the urgent need for community-based strategies, particularly through the empowerment of health cadres. Digital health education interventions—such as those utilizing WhatsApp—are considered promising for enhancing cadres’ competencies in hypertension management. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of empowering health cadres through Whatsapp on the knowledge and skills of cadres in hypertension management. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach. The first phase involved the development of a training module informed by a literature review, field study, and expert consultation. Data collection was done using purposive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 60 respondents, 30 intervention and control groups each. In the second phase, an intervention was conducted involving 60 health cadres (30 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group) within the jurisdiction of Tateli public health care, delivered via WhatsApp. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and the Mann-Whitney U Test, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. The findings revealed a statistically significant improvement in both knowledge and skills among cadres in the intervention group. Knowledge increased from moderate (90%) to good (73.3%), and skills from moderate (90%) to good (93.3%), with p < 0.001. No significant changes were observed in the control group. WhatsApp-based educational interventions are effective in improving health cadres' knowledge and skills in hypertension management. Given its accessibility, affordability, and practicality, WhatsApp serves as a strategic and sustainable tool for ongoing cadre training in the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases at the community level.
WhatsApp-Facilitated Empowerment of Health Cadres to Improve Knowledge and Blood Pressure Control among Adults with Hypertension: A Quasi-Experimental Study Maitha Annthonette Wulan Keloay; Ni Luh Jayanthi Desyani; Rommy David Watuseke; Semuel Tambuwun; Ellen Pesak; Ferry Efendi
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2207

Abstract

Hypertension constitutes a major public health concern and serves as a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, renal failure, and premature mortality. Successful hypertension control necessitates a comprehensive approach that relies not only on pharmacological therapy but also on enhancing patient health literacy. The sustainable empowerment of health cadres through WhatsApp-based education represents an effective strategy for improving patient knowledge, thereby promoting behavioral change and enhancing blood pressure control. To analyze the effect of health cadre empowerment via WhatsApp on the level of knowledge and hypertension control. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach. Data were collected using a purposive sampling method with specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 60 respondents were involved, consisting of a control group (n = 30) and an experimental group (n = 30). Knowledge levels and blood pressure were assessed in both groups at baseline and following the intervention. To evaluate the intervention effect, the pre-post change scores of both groups were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05 for all analyses. Prior to the intervention, the majority of respondents in the control group (73.3%) and the experimental group (60.0%) had a sufficient level of knowledge. Following the intervention, all respondents in the experimental group (100%) achieved a good level of knowledge. The mean reduction in systolic blood pressure was (Δ = 14.10 mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure decreased by (Δ = 5.3 mmHg). The Wilcoxon test results indicated a significant difference between blood pressure before and after the intervention, both for systolic (Z = -4.813; p < 0.001) and diastolic (Z = -4.489; p < 0.001) measurements. The empowerment of health cadres through WhatsApp-based health education is effective in improving knowledge and reducing blood pressure among hypertensive patients.