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All Journal Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Nia Ayuni Putri
Universitas Andalas
Health Professions Public Health

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Metabolic Dysregulation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Central Role of Insulin Resistance and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives Nia Ayuni Putri
Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Februari: Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Muda Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56127/jukeke.v5i1.2415

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with complex reproductive and metabolic consequences that are often not fully addressed by symptom-oriented management strategies. Increasing evidence shows that metabolic dysfunction, particularly insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, plays a central role in the pathophysiology of PCOS and contributes to both reproductive and systemic abnormalities. Objective: This study aimed to review and synthesize recent evidence on the metabolic basis of PCOS, with particular emphasis on the role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia as key mechanisms underlying metabolic and reproductive disturbances. Method: This study used a narrative review design by analyzing recent peer-reviewed literature related to insulin signaling disturbances, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammatory pathways, and emerging therapeutic approaches in PCOS. The selected studies were examined descriptively to identify major pathophysiological patterns and current treatment perspectives. Findings: The review found that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are major drivers of PCOS across various phenotypes, including non-obese women. Mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation were also shown to aggravate metabolic and reproductive impairments. In addition, the findings indicate that improvements in metabolic parameters do not always correspond to normalization of reproductive hormones, highlighting the heterogeneous and multifactorial nature of PCOS. Implications: These findings have important implications for clinical practice by supporting the development of personalized and mechanism-based management strategies that integrate metabolic profiling with reproductive goals. Such an approach may improve the effectiveness of long-term treatment and patient outcomes. Originality: The originality of this review lies in its integrative metabolic–reproductive framework, which brings together recent mechanistic insights and emerging therapeutic perspectives to reconceptualize PCOS as a systemic metabolic–reproductive disorder rather than a purely reproductive condition.
Single-Cell Immunology and Multi-Omics: Recent Advances and Emerging Applications in Precision Medicine Nia Ayuni Putri
Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Juni: Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Muda Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56127/jukeke.v5i2.2873

Abstract

The rapid advancement of single-cell sequencing technologies has revolutionized immunological research by enabling comprehensive characterization of immune cells at single-cell resolution. Conventional bulk analytical methods often fail to capture cellular heterogeneity, limiting the understanding of immune mechanisms underlying cancer, autoimmune diseases, infectious disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. The integration of multi-omics technologies offers new opportunities to overcome these limitations and accelerate precision medicine. Objective: This review aims to synthesize recent advances in single-cell immunology and multi-omics, evaluate their applications across major immunological fields, and identify emerging opportunities and challenges for clinical translation. Methodology: This study employed a qualitative narrative literature review using a structured literature search. Scientific publications were retrieved from PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and bioRxiv. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and analyzed using thematic narrative synthesis to identify technological developments, translational applications, methodological challenges, and future research directions. Findings: The review demonstrates that single-cell RNA sequencing, CITE-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and integrated multi-omics have substantially improved the identification of immune cell heterogeneity, cellular communication, and disease-specific molecular mechanisms. These technologies have advanced immune atlas construction, enhanced understanding of tumor immune microenvironments, improved characterization of autoimmune diseases, and revealed novel neuroimmune interactions. Artificial intelligence and computational biology further strengthen data integration and biological interpretation. Implications: The findings support the application of single-cell multi-omics in biomarker discovery, disease stratification, therapeutic target identification, and personalized treatment strategies while highlighting the need for standardized analytical pipelines and clinical validation. Originality: This review provides an integrated synthesis of technological innovation, computational methodologies, immune atlas research, oncology, autoimmune diseases, and neuroimmunology within a unified precision immunology framework, offering a comprehensive perspective that extends beyond previous technology- or disease-specific reviews.
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