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All Journal Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro
Farid Baskoro
State University of Surabaya
Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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K-Nearest Neighbors for Smart Solution Transportation: Prediction Distance Travel and Optimization of Fuel Usage and Charging Recommendations for ICE Vehicles Based in Surabaya Farid Baskoro; Widi Aribowo; Hisham Shehadeh; Hewa Majeed Zangana; Wahyu Sasongko Putro; Sri Dwiyanti; Aristyawan Putra Nurdiansyah
Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/biste.v8i2.15068

Abstract

Surabaya ranks 9th in Southeast Asia and 44th globally in the TomTom Traffic Index, with an average travel time of ±22 minutes for a 10 km distance, longer than Jakarta’s ±20 minutes. Given these traffic conditions, this study examines the application of the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm to predict vehicle travel distance based on remaining fuel consumption and provides recommendations for the nearest Gas Station (SPBU) based on the predicted distance. The study seeks to provide accurate distance predictions and recommend the nearest Gas Station (SPBU) for users based on fuel consumption and the predicted route, helping to navigate Surabaya’s congested traffic efficiently. The data used includes various levels of fuel consumption: 0.02, 0.06, 0.10, 0.14, 0.16, 0.20, and 0.24 liters for engines of 110, 125, and 150 cc. The model evaluation results, using three metrics: MAE, MAPE, and RMSE show that KNN performs excellently at low fuel consumption levels. At a consumption rate of 0.02 liters, the model produces a low MAE of 0.347, MAPE of 31.21%, and RMSE of 0.40, indicating minimal prediction error. The model's performance remains consistent at a consumption of 0.06 liters with MAE of 0.330, MAPE of 9.90%, and RMSE of 0.41, demonstrating a high level of accuracy. Technically, the implementation of this model can help reduce traffic congestion by directing vehicles to the nearest gas stations, thereby minimizing sudden stops on the road, improving traffic flow, and reduce wasted time spent searching for distant gas stations.
Performance Evaluation of Sensor Data Filtering Methods for Signal Processing in TVET Learning Applications Farid Baskoro; Hisham A. Shehadeh; Hewa Majeed Zangana; Tri Wrahatnolo; Puput Wanarti Rusimamto; Fendi Achmad; Aristyawan Putra Nurdiansyah
Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/biste.v8i4.16883

Abstract

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) learning requires sensor measurement data that are stable, accurate, and easy to interpret. Raw LiDAR sensor data often contain fluctuations that may interfere with the readability results. This study employed an experimental-comparative design by comparing Moving Average, Median Filter, Savitzky-Golay, Butterworth, and Simple Kalman Filter. The data acquisition system used a VL53L0X LiDAR sensor and ESP32 microcontroller. Data processing was conducted in MATLAB on 10,500 samples at a sampling frequency of 50 Hz. The evaluation was carried out based on error metrics, signal stability, noise reduction, and filter responsiveness. The raw data had a standard deviation of 111.26 and still showed fluctuations that required reduction. A Greenhouse–Geisser-corrected repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of filtering method on segment-level residual RMSE, F(1.10,44.92)=26.23, p<0.001, partial η2=0.390. Bonferroni-adjusted comparisons showed that Savitzky–Golay produced significantly lower residual RMSE than the other methods, indicating stronger preservation of the raw-signal pattern. The results showed that Savitzky–Golay achieved the best overall trade-off, with the lowest residual deviation, the highest estimated SNR of 32.154 dB, and good pattern preservation without excessive smoothing. Butterworth and Simple Kalman provided stronger fluctuation reduction, although Kalman introduced greater deviation and a 39-sample delay. Moving Average offered simple smoothing, whereas the Median Filter was more suitable for impulsive noise and outliers. This study contributes a comparative evaluation of filtering methods from both signal-processing and TVET pedagogical perspectives, supporting filter selection based on smoothness, readability, noise reduction, and responsiveness in signal processing.
Co-Authors Aristyawan Putra Nurdiansyah Fendi Achmad Hewa Majeed Zangana Hisham A. Shehadeh Hisham Shehadeh Puput Wanarti Rusimamto Sri Dwiyanti Tri Wrahatnolo Wahyu Sasongko Putro Widi Aribowo