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All Journal Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Arfah Syahida Mohd Nor
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)
Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Effect of the retro-filling process on kraft paper and gasket materials in transformers Nor Hidayah Rahim; Imran Sutan Chairul; Sharin Ab Ghani; Mohd Shahril Ahmad Khiar; Arfah Syahida Mohd Nor; Farrah Salwani Abdullah
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 15, No 1: February 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v15i1.9691

Abstract

Mineral oil (MO) is the most widely used insulating liquid in oil-filled transformers. Numerous studies have investigated the use of alternative synthetic and ester-based insulating oils as replacements for MO. However, the effects of the retro-filling process on transformer materials remain insufficiently explored. This study examines the impact of retro-filling and thermal ageing on transformer kraft paper and gasket materials. Kraft paper strips, fluoroelastomer (FE) and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) gaskets, MO, synthetic oil (SO), and ester oil (EO) are used in the investigation. Initially, three sample bottles containing MO undergo thermal ageing for 200 hours at 130 °C. Subsequently, the retro-filling process is performed using MO, SO, and EO respectively. The samples are then subjected to an additional 200 hours of ageing at the same temperature. Results indicate that EO demonstrates superior performance in terms of shore hardness (+1.06%), while SO better preserves the tensile strength of kraft paper strips. These findings suggest that the retro-filling process can contribute to extending the service life of transformers.
Co-Authors Farrah Salwani Abdullah Imran Sutan Chairul Mohd Shahril Ahmad Khiar Nor Hidayah Rahim Sharin Ab Ghani