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All Journal Lex Publica Law and Democracy Insight
Nindya Dhaneswara
Pukyong National University, Busan
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Criminal Law Policy on Carding in Indonesia: Addressing Legal Certainty and Regulatory Fragmentation Wenggedes Frensh; Rizkan Zulyadi; Nindya Dhaneswara
Lex Publica Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58829/lp.12.2.2025.316

Abstract

This study examines the adequacy of legal regulations governing credit card misuse (carding) in cyberspace in Indonesia and their implications for legal certainty and law enforcement effectiveness. Using a normative juridical method, it analyzes key statutes, including Law No. 1 of 2024 (EIT Law amendment), Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, and Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code, supported by conceptual and doctrinal approaches. The findings show that, although these regulations provide a general framework for addressing cybercrime, they remain fragmented and do not explicitly regulate carding as a distinct offense. This gap weakens legal certainty and limits effective enforcement. Two main issues are identified: the absence of specific criminal norms on carding and the lack of harmonization across criminal, cyber, and data protection laws. Current legal policy is also predominantly repressive, with limited preventive and victim-oriented measures.
Electoral Integrity and Democratic Governance in Indonesia Edy Lisdiyono; Nindya Dhaneswara; Rianmahardhika Sahid Budiharseno
Law and Democracy Insight Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Integra Academic Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63208/21015-501

Abstract

Electoral integrity is a fundamental element in democratic governance because it plays a role in building government legitimacy, strengthening accountability, increasing transparency, and encouraging public political participation. This study aims to analyze the relationship between electoral integrity and democratic governance in Indonesia through a normative-juridical approach by examining various laws and regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant scientific literature. The analysis focuses on Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as the main legal frameworks governing the implementation of elections and the protection of citizens' political rights. The results show that electoral integrity contributes significantly to strengthening democratic governance through the implementation of free, fair, transparent, and accountable elections, thereby increasing public trust in democratic institutions. However, various challenges, such as digital disinformation, cybersecurity threats, political polarization, the practice of money politics, and election result disputes, continue to affect the effectiveness of election administration. Therefore, strengthening the legal framework, institutional capacity of election organizers, independent oversight, and public political literacy are strategic steps to maintain the legitimacy, quality, and resilience of democracy in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Edy Lisdiyono Rianmahardhika Sahid Budiharseno Rizkan Zulyadi Wenggedes Frensh