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All Journal Cognitionis Civitatis et Politicae Journal of Social Science Utilizing Technology
Toka Tupuola
University of Tonga
Social Sciences

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INDONESIA’S MIDDLE POWER DIPLOMACY: AN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ANALYSIS OF ITS STRATEGIC ROLE WITHIN ASEAN AND THE G20 Sione Kakala; Luisa Fangatapu; Bambang Dwi Waluyo; Toka Tupuola
Cognitionis Civitatis et Politicae Vol. 2 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/politicae.v2i5.3142

Abstract

As a middle power in international relations, Indonesia plays a pivotal role in shaping regional and global affairs, particularly within ASEAN and the G20 frameworks. Over the past decades, Indonesia has strategically positioned itself as a key diplomatic player, balancing its national interests with broader global goals. Its diplomatic actions, especially in these multilateral forums, reflect a combination of soft power and pragmatic policies that aim to maintain stability and foster economic development in Southeast Asia. This study examines Indonesia’s middle power diplomacy, focusing on its strategic role within ASEAN and the G20. It aims to assess how Indonesia uses its diplomatic leverage to influence regional security, economic cooperation, and global governance. The research also explores the challenges and opportunities that Indonesia faces in navigating these two influential organizations. A qualitative approach is employed, utilizing content analysis of official government documents, speeches by key diplomats, and relevant academic literature. Additionally, interviews with policymakers and regional experts provide insights into Indonesia’s diplomatic strategies and objectives. The study finds that Indonesia’s middle power diplomacy is characterized by active engagement, mediation, and consensus-building, which enhances its influence within ASEAN and the G20. Indonesia’s ability to bridge gaps between major powers has solidified its role as a key regional leader. Indonesia’s diplomatic strategy in ASEAN and the G20 highlights its importance as a stabilizing force in both regional and global contexts. Its middle power approach allows Indonesia to shape discussions on global governance, economic development, and security.
The Algorithmic Workforce: A Qualitative Study on the Impact of AI-Driven Management on Labor Autonomy in the Gig Economy Sione Kakala; Luisa Fangatapu; Toka Tupuola
Journal of Social Science Utilizing Technology Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/jssut.v3i4.2873

Abstract

Background. The rapid expansion of AI-driven management systems in the gig economy has transformed labor processes, reshaping how autonomy, decision-making, and work conditions are structured. This study addresses the growing concern that algorithmic oversight may simultaneously enhance efficiency while constraining workers’ control over their tasks and mobility. Purpose. The research aims to examine how gig workers interpret, negotiate, and respond to algorithmic management practices embedded in digital labor platforms. Method. Using a qualitative design, the study draws on in-depth interviews and digital ethnography involving ride-hailing and delivery workers across multiple urban regions. Results. The findings reveal a dualistic impact: algorithms streamline workflow coordination and reduce transactional ambiguity, yet they also introduce opaque decision rules, performance scoring pressures, and subtle forms of behavioral nudging that weaken workers’ perceived autonomy. Participants reported adaptive strategies, such as system gaming and collective knowledge sharing, to counterbalance algorithmic constraints. Conclusion. The study concludes that AI-driven management does not uniformly diminish autonomy but reconfigures it through dynamic tensions between control, dependency, and worker agency. These insights underscore the need for regulatory frameworks and platform design principles that ensure transparency, fairness, and human-centered governance in algorithmic workplaces.
Co-Authors Bambang Dwi Waluyo Luisa Fangatapu Sione Kakala