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All Journal Cognitionis Civitatis et Politicae Journal of Social Science Utilizing Technology
Luca Santi
University of San Marino
Social Sciences

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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTI-CORRUPTION INSTITUTIONS: THE CASE OF INDONESIA’S KPK AND SOUTH KOREA’S KICAC Luca Santi; Martina Rossi; Giuseppe Lazzari
Cognitionis Civitatis et Politicae Vol. 2 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/politicae.v2i5.3143

Abstract

The establishment of independent anti-corruption agencies (ACAs) is a primary global strategy for combating systemic corruption. Indonesia’s Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and South Korea’s former Korea Independent Commission Against Corruption (KICAC) represent two prominent yet divergent models in Asia, both emerging from post-authoritarian transitions. Understanding their distinct institutional trajectories provides crucial insights into the dynamics of anti-corruption reform. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the institutional design, operational effectiveness, and political resilience of the KPK and KICAC to identify the determinant factors shaping their successes and challenges in fulfilling their mandates. A qualitative comparative case study approach was employed, analyzing foundational legal documents, official institutional reports, scholarly articles, and reputable media archives. The analysis focused on key variables including legal powers, degree of independence, resource allocation, and the prevailing socio-political contexts in which each agency operated. The findings indicate that the KPK’s comprehensive mandate, which includes investigative and prosecutorial powers, allowed for more high-profile enforcement actions compared to KICAC’s primary focus on prevention and policy coordination. However, this enforcement power also made the KPK a target of sustained political resistance, while KICAC faced challenges of relevance that eventually led to its institutional merger. The long-term success of an ACA depends not only on a robust legal mandate but, more critically, on sustained political support and strong institutional defenses against political co-optation. The divergent experiences of the KPK and KICAC offer vital lessons for designing and safeguarding effective anti-corruption institutions worldwide.
Governing By Data: A Critical Analysis of Big Data’s Role in Urban Public Policy and Social Stratification in Southeast Asian Megacities Luca Santi; Martina Rossi; Giuseppe Lazzari
Journal of Social Science Utilizing Technology Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/jssut.v3i4.2874

Abstract

Background. The rapid expansion of big data infrastructures in Southeast Asian megacities has reshaped the formulation and implementation of urban public policy, raising concerns about algorithmic governance and emerging forms of social stratification. Urban administrations increasingly rely on predictive analytics, biometric systems, and real-time surveillance tools to guide decision-making, yet the socio-political implications of these technologies remain insufficiently understood. Purpose. This study aims to critically examine how big data systems influence policy priorities, resource allocation, and the lived experiences of marginalized urban communities. Method. . A qualitative research design was employed, combining policy document analysis, expert interviews, and digital ethnography across three major Southeast Asian cities. Results. The findings reveal that big data governance enhances administrative efficiency but simultaneously reinforces structural inequalities through opaque categorization practices, risk scoring models, and selective visibility regimes. These mechanisms privilege affluent districts while amplifying precarity in low-income urban populations. Conclusion. The study concludes that big data functions as both a technocratic tool and a political instrument, producing uneven urban outcomes shaped by existing socio-economic hierarchies. The results underscore the need for transparent data governance frameworks and equity-oriented urban policy reforms.
Co-Authors Giuseppe Lazzari Martina Rossi