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All Journal Tropical Health and Medical Research Journal
Leka Lutpiatina
Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Religion Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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The Value of the TB IgG/IgM Rapid Test and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Relation to Xpert MTB/RIF Tests in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Endah Permata Sari; Leka Lutpiatina; Aima Insana
Tropical Health and Medical Research Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Tropical Health and Medical Research
Publisher : Baiman Bauntung Batuah Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35916/thmr.v8i1.149

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem, requiring healthcare workers to have accurate and effective diagnostic methods. The Xpert MTB/RIF-based Molecular Rapid Test is recommended as the standard for TB diagnosis, but in clinical practice, healthcare workers still frequently use the TB IgG/IgM Rapid Test and the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) as complementary tests. This study aimed to determine the relationship between Xpert MTB/RIF test results and the TB IgG/IgM Rapid Test and ESR in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Pertamina Hospital, Balikpapan. This study used a retrospective, observational analytical study design utilizing secondary data from laboratory tests from January–December 2024. Researchers analyzed data from 250 patients who met the inclusion criteria. They analyzed the relationship between variables using the Spearman correlation test. The results showed that 16.4% of patients had MTB detected on the Xpert MTB/RIF test. Statistical analysis showed a significant positive correlation between Xpert MTB/RIF results and the TB IgG/IgM Rapid Test, with a moderate correlation strength (r = 0.562; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the analysis also showed a significant correlation between Xpert MTB/RIF results and ESR (r = 0.183; p = 0.004), but with a very weak correlation strength. The majority of patients with MTB detected by Xpert MTB/RIF had positive TB IgG/IgM Rapid Test results and abnormal ESR values. This study shows that the TB IgG/IgM Rapid Test and ESR are associated with Xpert MTB/RIF results. However, both tests have limited specificity and can therefore only be used as supporting tests and cannot replace molecular testing in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
The Role of Biological and Environmental Factors in Infant Pneumonia: Findings from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey Leka Lutpiatina; Ratih Dewi Dwiyanti; Aima Insana
Tropical Health and Medical Research Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Tropical Health and Medical Research
Publisher : Baiman Bauntung Batuah Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35916/thmr.v8i1.150

Abstract

Pneumonia continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants, particularly in developing countries, making risk factor analysis crucial to support evidence-based prevention efforts. This study analyzed factors associated with pneumonia in 28,610 infants aged one year and under using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey to provide a national overview of the distribution of cases and their determinants. This study used a cross-sectional design and analyzed demographic variables, health characteristics, and environmental factors using descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and odds ratios. The study results showed a pneumonia prevalence of 0.9%, with an increased risk in low birth weight infants (OR 2.425; 95% CI: 1.688–3.483) and infants with a history of diarrhea (OR 2.051; 95% CI: 1.211–3.475), while breastfeeding reduced the risk of pneumonia (OR 0.590; 95% CI: 0.447–0.778). The data also showed greater susceptibility among male infants and those living in urban areas. These findings confirm that pneumonia in infants is influenced by a combination of biological, environmental, and behavioral factors, so public health interventions need to strengthen monitoring of at-risk infants, increase the coverage and quality of breastfeeding, prevent diarrhea, and control exposure to air pollution, especially in urban areas. These findings provide an empirical basis for developing more targeted and effective infant health policies.
Monocyte, Lymphocyte, and Monocyte–Lymphocyte Ratio Responses to Treatment Phases in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Nurul Hidayathul Mahpudinah Restu; Leka Lutpiatina; Ahmad Muhlisin; Ratih Dewi Dwiyanti
Tropical Health and Medical Research Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Tropical Health and Medical Research
Publisher : Baiman Bauntung Batuah Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35916/thmr.v8i1.151

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that affects the balance of innate and adaptive immune responses, reflected in changes in hematological parameters, particularly monocyte and lymphocyte counts, and the monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR). This study aimed to analyze differences in lymphocyte and monocyte counts and MLR values ??in pulmonary tuberculosis patients based on treatment phase. This cross-sectional analytical survey study involved 60 pulmonary tuberculosis patients divided into 0-month treatment groups, the intensive phase, and the continuation phase in Loa Kulu District from January to April 2025. Peripheral blood smears were stained with Giemsa to determine the percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes, and then the MLR value was calculated. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA showed significant differences in lymphocyte and monocyte counts between treatment groups (p<0.05). The mean lymphocyte count increased with treatment duration, while the mean monocyte count decreased, resulting in a decrease in the MLR value from 0.64 in the pre-treatment group to 0.29 in the intensive phase and 0.22 in the continuation phase. The decrease in MLR reflects an improved immune response balance and decreased systemic inflammation during tuberculosis therapy. The results of this study indicate that MLR demonstrated variation across treatment phases, suggesting its potential relevance in the clinical assessment of TB patients.
Co-Authors Ahmad Muhlisin Aima Insana Endah Permata Sari Nurul Hidayathul Mahpudinah Restu Ratih Dewi Dwiyanti