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All Journal Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Aileen C. Bidol
Standards and Testing Division, Industrial Technology Development Institute
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Sustainable bromelain extraction from pineapple waste: ATPS purification, freeze-drying, and cosmetic safety evaluation Ma. Rachel V. Parcon; Gladys Ann B. Bautista; Chelsea Kate F. Jose; Jan Anthony N. Ysulat; Geaver Nicolei C. Cortez; Andrea Nicole Y. Abarcar; Pauline Yarah H. Morales; John Cyrus O. Alfaro; Aileen C. Bidol
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.236

Abstract

Background: Pineapple processing generates substantial waste; peels represent a rich source of bromelain, aproteolytic enzyme with dermatological applications. Objective: To develop sustainable bromelain extraction from pineapple peels using aqueous two-phase system(ATPS), evaluate freeze-dried extract, and assess safety for topical cosmetic use. Methods: Bromelain was extracted using PEG-4000/MgSO₄ ATPS and freeze-dried. Proteolytic activity was quantified by tyrosine release and gelatin digestion assays. Purified bromelain was incorporated into gel cleanser and serum formulations (2-5%, pH 4.5-7.0) and evaluated for physicochemical properties, microbial safety, and skin compatibility through human repeat insult patch testing (HRIPT). Results: The 10% PEG-4000/30% MgSO₄ system achieved optimal balance (37.64% yield, 2.80 U/mL activity). Freezedrying produced free-flowing powder. Formulations met ASEAN microbial limits (<1,000 cfu/g) and demonstrated non-irritating properties with low hypersensitivity risk in HRIPT. Conclusion: ATPS extraction combined with freeze-drying produces stable, bioactive bromelain suitable for safe
Co-Authors Andrea Nicole Y. Abarcar Chelsea Kate F. Jose Geaver Nicolei C. Cortez Gladys Ann B. Bautista Jan Anthony N. Ysulat John Cyrus O. Alfaro Ma. Rachel V. Parcon Pauline Yarah H. Morales