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All Journal IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET)
Noor Azura Binti Zakaria
International Islamic University Malaysia
Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Analysis and Design Android Augmented Reality Platform (Bilingual) for the Preservation of Cirebon Glass Paintings Suwandi Suwandi; Willy Eka Septian; Agus Sevtiana; Noor Azura Binti Zakaria; Vanya Adhelita
Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): November - January
Publisher : Science and Technology Research Centre Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v8i1.2784

Abstract

This study analyzes and designs a bilingual Android Augmented Reality (AR) platform to support the digital preservation of Cirebon Glass Paintings. The development uses Unity and AR Core with a human-centered design approach. A total of 30 participants (n=30) evaluated usability and performance. 3D assets were produced using photogrammetry with an optimized polygon budget of ≤25,000 triangles per object. Model compression applied Draco and KTX2 to reduce memory load. Benchmark testing was conducted on Snapdragon 720G class devices. Experimental results show that the platform achieved a stable performance of ≥30 FPS (mean = 32.6 FPS) and low tracking error (RMSE = 1.8–2.3 cm) under indoor lighting. Usability testing yielded a mean System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 81.4 ± 6.2, indicating excellent user acceptance. Compared with existing AR heritage applications, this research provides a reproducible pipeline for AR-based cultural digitization with performance guarantees on mid-range smartphones. The findings imply that optimized AR asset workflows can enhance public interaction with intangible cultural heritage such as Cirebon Glass Paintings. Limitations include restricted device testing and the need for more complex ecotourism content integration in future development.
Market Expansion Through B2B Business Model Transformation into Vendor-Owned Digital Marketplaces Abdul Wahab Abdul Rahman; Noor Azura Binti Zakaria; Laurens Bethany
IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) Vol 8 No 1 (2026): October
Publisher : Pandawan Sejahtera Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34306/itsdi.v8i1.751

Abstract

Traditional business-to-business (B2B) vendor models rely on direct relationships, long-term contracts, and established distribution channels. These models provide stable transactions but limit market reach, increase dependence on a few buyers, and slow responses to changing demand. Prior studies explain why firms adopt digital platforms, but rarely how an established vendor redesigns its business model into its own marketplace, or how relationship-based channels can coexist with it. This study examines market expansion strategies through the transformation of traditional B2B vendor models into vendor-owned digital marketplaces, in which the vendor acts as platform owner rather than as a participant in a third-party marketplace. It uses a qualitative descriptive approach supported by a structured literature review and conceptual analysis. The review followed a structured procedure of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and synthesis, and the selected studies were analyzed using thematic synthesis. The analysis shows that successful transformation requires more than adopting a digital platform. It depends on enabling capabilities, namely organizational readiness (including digital skills), digital infrastructure, process integration, customer data management, and digital marketing capability, and on channel governance that protects existing B2B relationships. The study proposes a staged hybrid framework of six constructs and six propositions, and identifies risks such as channel conflict, integration cost, and insufficient demand. Integrating traditional B2B strengths with digital marketplace capability creates a more flexible, scalable, and market-oriented business model. Market expansion emerges from capability-based transformation, not platform adoption alone. The propositions require empirical validation through survey-based or comparative case studies.
Co-Authors Abdul Wahab Abdul Rahman Agus Sevtiana Laurens Bethany Suwandi Suwandi Vanya Adhelita Willy Eka Septian