Setyo Sri Rahardjo
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

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Effect of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation on the Infants Birth Weight: A Meta-Analysis Atiqoh Khoirunnisa' Maftuch; Bhisma Murti; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Ika Sumiyarsi Sukamto; Revi Gama Hatta Novika
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 10 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.05.02

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight (LBW), defined as a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams, is associated with an increased risk of neonatal mortality and developmental disorders. Efforts to prevent and manage LBW can be made through the administration of iron and folic acid supplements during pregnancy. This study aims to estimate and analyze the effect of iron and folic acid supplementation on the birth of infants with low birth weight. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant previous studies conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. The population included pregnant women, interventions involving iron and folic acid supplementation compared to no supplementation, and outcomes related to low birth weight. Article searches were conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, published between 2013 and 2025. The search terms were ("Pregnant woman" OR "Expectant mother") AND ("Iron and folic acid supplements" OR "IFA supplements") AND ("Low Birth Weight" OR "Low-weight newborns"). Inclusion criteria included full-text articles with a cross-sectional study design and reporting adjusted odds ratio (aOR) values. Findings from the primary research articles were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. Results: The included primary studies comprised 21 articles from China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Malawi, and Ethiopia. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that pregnant women who consumed iron and folic acid supplements had an average 0.87 unit lower risk of giving birth to LBW infants compared to pregnant women who did not consume iron and folic acid supplements (aOR= 0.87; 95% CI = 0.75 to 1.00; p= 0.040). Conclusion: The administration of iron and folic acid supplements can reduce the incidence of low birth weight.
Determinants of Low Birth Weight at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia Erlangga Yusa Bachtiar; Revi Gama Hata Novika; Bhisma Murti; Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari; Setyo Sri Rahardjo
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 10 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.06.05

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major cause of infant and neonatal mortality in Indonesia. Data from the 2022 Nutritional Status Survey and the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey reported an increase in the prevalence of LBW from 5.9% to 6.1%. Records from Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Indonesia, also show a rise in the number of LBW cases, from 392 cases in 2023 to 412 cases in 2024. This study examines the effects of maternal education, household income, antenatal care (ANC), anemia during pregnancy, preeclampsia, and chronic energy deficiency (CED) on the incidence of LBW at Dr. Moewardi hospital. Subjects and Method: This quantitative study employed a case–control design. The research was conducted at Dr. Moewardi hospital and included 100 infants with low birth weight and 100 infants with normal birth weight, selected using fixed-disease and random sampling methods. The dependent variable was LBW. The independent variables were maternal education, household income, ANC, anemia during pregnancy, preeclampsia, and CED. Data were collected through questionnaires and medical records, and analyzed using simple logistic regression and path analysis.Results: LBW was directly associated with maternal CED (b= 0.79; 95% CI= 0.08 to 1.51; p= 0.028), maternal anemia (b= 0.91; 95% CI= 0.17 to 1.65; p= 0.015), and preeclampsia (b= 1.45; 95% CI= 0.77 to 2.13; p < 0.001). LBW was indirectly influenced by ANC visits, family income, and maternal education. The path model demonstrated good fit indices (AIC= 1221.24; BIC= 1283.91).Conclusion: LBW directly increases with maternal CED, maternal anemia, and preeclampsia. LBW indirectly affects by ANC visit, family income, and maternal education.