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All Journal Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Jurnal Greenation Pertanian dan Perkebunan
Rineke Sara
Universitas Borobudur, Jakarta, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Legal Loopholes in the Application for Termination of Investigation by Investigators Due to the Absence of Clear Standards in Determining Sufficient Evidence John Piter Tampubolon; Rineke Sara
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (December
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v3i4.655

Abstract

This study examines the legal gaps that arise in investigators' requests to terminate investigations based on Article 109 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Procedure Code, which authorizes the filing of an SP3 (Sufficient Evidence Order) due to "insufficient evidence" but does not outline the operational criteria. This lack of clarity in the standard leaves investigators open to subjective interpretation, potentially leading to misuse to terminate investigations without a clear basis, reducing legal certainty and harming victims. The study uses a normative juridical approach with a critical analysis of laws and regulations, legal literature, and investigative practices in Indonesia. The results show that the ambiguity of the term "sufficient evidence" creates a legal loophole that weakens investigator accountability and leads to injustice in the criminal justice system. As a direction for legal reform, it is recommended that there be clear technical guidelines for assessing sufficient evidence, a strict oversight mechanism by prosecutors, and public transparency regarding the basis for terminating investigations, so that the SP3 authority can be exercised objectively, accountably, and in accordance with the principle of legal certainty. This reform is expected to minimize the potential for misuse, increase the integrity of law enforcement, and strengthen the protection of victims' rights.
Optimizing the Village Supervisory Agency's Supervisory Mechanism Through a Participatory and Digital Approach in an Effort to Prevent Criminal Acts of Corruption in Village Development Budgets Eben Patar Opsunggu; Rineke Sara
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (December
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v3i4.663

Abstract

Village development budget management is often vulnerable to corruption, primarily due to weak internal oversight systems at the village level. One key oversight actor, the Village Consultative Body (BPD), frequently faces structural constraints, low capacity, and limited authority in optimally carrying out its functions. Yet, the BPD plays a strategic role in ensuring transparency and accountability in the use of village budgets sourced from central government transfers, as specified in Government Regulation No. 37 of 2023. This study analyzes the weaknesses of existing oversight mechanisms and proposes optimization strategies through participatory and digital approaches. With a participatory approach, village communities are encouraged to actively participate in deliberation processes, program evaluations, and budget oversight through community forums and the involvement of vulnerable groups. Furthermore, the use of digital systems such as SISKEUDES, SP4N-LAPOR, and social media-based innovations and QR codes in development projects provides open and real-time data access for the public. This study demonstrates that integrating institutional oversight, community engagement, and digital technology can strengthen village governance and reduce opportunities for budget corruption. Implementing this strategy requires regulatory support, ongoing technical training, and commitment from all stakeholders.
Heat Treatment of Edible Bird's Nest to Fulfill Export Requirements to Canada Umar Suryanaga; Rineke Sara
Jurnal Greenation Pertanian dan Perkebunan Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): (JGPP) Jurnal Greenation Pertanian dan Perkebunan (November 2025)
Publisher : Greenation Publisher & Yayasan Global Research National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jgpp.v3i4.576

Abstract

The export requirements for swallow's nest (EBN) to Canada refer to the import procedure edible bird's nest (other than cooked canned commercially sterile) published by the Canadian Food and Inspection Agency (CFIA). One of the conditions is that the EBN is heated to a minimum temperature of 100 oC within a minimum of 1 hour. This study aims to test the heating treatment of EBN with a temperature of 100 °C for 1 hour according to the requirements of export to Canada and compare it with the requirements of the World Organization of Animal Health (WOAH). This researcher used clean EBN that had not been heated, coming from the island of Sumatra. The EBN sample was divided into four groups. The first group as a control, the second group heated 70 oC for 3.5 seconds, the third group heated 100 oC for 1 minute and the fourth group heated to 100 oC for 1 hour. The parameters tested in each group were sialic acid, physicochemical (water content, pH, water holding capacity (WHC), and water absorption index (WAI)). In addition, sensory attributes (color, taste, aroma, and texture) were also tested using panelists. The treatment of heating EBN at 100 °C for one hour causes protein denaturation that changes the functional properties of EBN. This treatment also reduces the developing power of EBN by up to 50% and has a significant influence on sensory and physicochemical properties, both color, taste, aroma, and texture. Heating EBN 100 °C for one hour reduces EBN quality, while EBN heating according to WOAH requirements i.e. heating 70 °C for 3.5 seconds does not affect EBN quality. Heating treatment of EBN 100 °C for one hour is not recommended.
Co-Authors Eben Patar Opsunggu John Piter Tampubolon Umar Suryanaga