<![CDATA[Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic and progressive respiratory condition characterized by persistent airflow obstruction. The disease trajectory is often punctuated by episodes of acute exacerbation, which significantly aggravate clinical status and increase healthcare burden. The biological plausibility and differential inflammatory pathways of these cell populations suggest evaluating the relationship between neutrophil and eosinophil profiles and the one-year exacerbation frequency in patients with acute COPD. Method: This study was conducted using a retrospective observational analytic design and included all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) who fulfilled the established inclusion criteria at Kolonel Abundjani Bangko General Hospital during April to December 2024. Clinical and laboratory data were retrieved from hospital medical records and subsequently analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Thirty-eight patients fulfilled the predefined inclusion criteria and were subsequently enrolled in the analysis. The respondents were predominantly male (94.7%), older than 55 years (89.5%), with a documented smoking history (92.1%), with relatively short admissions (1–4 days) in 68.4%, and survival at discharge was observed in 94.7% of patients. Inferential statistical testing demonstrated no significant relationship between neutrophil or eosinophil counts and clinical prognosis in patients experiencing AECOPD (P>0.05). Conclusion: Neutrophil nor eosinophil counts demonstrated a statistically significant association with prognostic indicators among patients admitted with acute COPD. However, elevated neutrophil levels (>8) were consistently more prevalent across prognostic strata compared with increased eosinophil counts. This distribution pattern suggests a relative predominance of neutrophil-mediated inflammatory activity during acute exacerbations.]]>
