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The Influence of Cross-Generational Leadership Styles on the Performance of Generation Z Employees Through Employee Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Culture as Intervening Variables in the Coal Mining Industry at PT Khotai Makmur Insan Abadi Kutai Kartanegara Fitri Windasari; Gurawan Dayona Ismail; Ridlwan Muttaqin; Pras Rendy; Irving Ignatius Paul Luntungan
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 6 No. 7 (2026): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v6i7.53285

Abstract

Employee performance refers to the level of success achieved by employees in completing their tasks, as reflected in the quality and quantity of work outcomes according to their roles, responsibilities, and organizational standards. This study aims to examine the effect of leadership styles on Generation Z employee performance, with employee engagement, job satisfaction, and organizational culture as intervening variables. The research employed a quantitative method with descriptive and verification approaches. The data sources consisted of primary and secondary data. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and observations from a population of 135 employees. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling method. The analytical tools used in this study were SPSS 25 for descriptive analysis and SmartPLS 4 for verification analysis. The measurement model (outer model) was evaluated using convergent validity, discriminant validity, Average Variance Extracted (AVE), composite reliability, and Cronbach’s alpha. The structural model (inner model) was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R²) and predictive relevance (Q²). The results showed that leadership styles had positive and significant effects on employee engagement, job satisfaction, and organizational culture. Employee engagement and job satisfaction significantly influenced employee performance, whereas leadership styles and organizational culture did not have a direct significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, organizational culture did not mediate the relationship between leadership styles and employee performance. In contrast, employee engagement and job satisfaction successfully mediated the effect of leadership styles on employee performance.
The Effect of Kaizen Implementation on Employee Performance and its Implications on After-Sales Service Productivity at PT Tunas Toyota Gatot Subroto Imam Khoirudin; Gurawan Dayona Ismail; Asti Nur Aryanti; Ridlwan Muttaqin; Recky Recky
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 6 No. 8 (2026): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v6i8.53442

Abstract

The Indonesian automotive industry faces increasingly intense competition, making operational excellence in after-sales services a critical determinant of customer satisfaction and organizational sustainability. Despite the widespread adoption of continuous improvement practices, many authorized dealerships continue to experience challenges, including service completion delays, inefficient resource utilization, and inconsistent productivity levels. This study aimed to examine the effect of Kaizen implementation on employee performance and its implications for after-sales service productivity at PT Tunas Toyota Gatot Subroto. A quantitative research design with descriptive and verification approaches was employed. The study involved 60 employees from the after-sales division selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 for descriptive statistics and SmartPLS 3 for structural equation modeling, including validity, reliability, and hypothesis testing. The findings showed that Kaizen implementation had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, while employee performance significantly improved after-sales service productivity. However, Kaizen implementation did not directly affect productivity; instead, employee performance served as a significant mediating variable linking Kaizen implementation to productivity improvement. The structural model demonstrated strong explanatory power, indicating that Kaizen contributed substantially to improving employee performance, which subsequently enhanced productivity. The study concluded that successful Kaizen implementation should be supported by continuous employee development, active employee participation, and performance improvement initiatives to maximize after-sales service productivity. These findings contribute to the continuous improvement literature by highlighting the mediating role of employee performance in the relationship between Kaizen implementation and operational productivity within the automotive after-sales service sector.