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Predictors of Hypertension in Post-Menopausal Women in Surakarta, Central Java Amalia Dinda Ayu Pradani; Ambar Mudigdo; Isna Qadrijati
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 3 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Background: Hypertension caused 45% mortality of heart disease and 51% mortality of stroke in 2014. Young women have a lower risk of hypertension than men. The risk increases after menopause due to lower estrogen production. This study aimed to estimate the biopsychosocial factors affecting hypertension in post-menopausal women in Surakarta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, from January to February 2018. A sample of 200 study subjects was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension. The independent variables were obesity, healthy diet, history of contraceptive use, family support, and family history of hypertension. Data of blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer. Other variables were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: The risk of hypertensionin post-menopuse women increased with obesity (OR= 13.00; 95% CI=2.99 to 56.51; p=0.001), family history of hypertension (OR=9.99; 95% CI=2.54 to 39.19; p=0.001), and history of hormonal contraceptive use (OR=10.11; 95% CI=2.60 to 39.25; p=0.001). The risk of hypertension in post-menopuse women decreased with healthy diet (OR= 0.16; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.55; p= 0.004) and strong family support (OR= 0.09; 95% CI=0.19 to 0.39; p=0.001).Conclusion: The risk of hypertension post-menopause women is affected by obesity, family history of hypertension, history of hormonal contraceptive use, healthy diet, and strong family support.

Environmental Factors Associated with Pneumonia in Children Under-Five in Nduga District, Papua Yulianda Yeimo; Isna Qadrijati; Bhisma Murti
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 3 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Background: Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. In 2016 UNICEF had reported that pneumonia remains the leading infectious cause of death among children under five, killing approximately 2,400 children a day. Mortality due to childhood pneumonia is strongly associated to poverty, lack of safe water and sanitation, indoor air pollution and absence of basic immunization. This study aimed to determine the environmental factors associated with pneumonia in children under-five in Nduga, Papua, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case-control design. This study was conducted in Yigi and Mbua Sub-districts, Nduga District, Papua, Indonesia, from December 2017 to February 2018. A sample of 184 children under-five consisting of 88 children with pneumonia (case) and 96 children without pneumonia (control), was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The independent variables were BCG immunization status, family income, indoor household air pollution, and environmental sanitation. The dependent variable was pneumonia. Data were collected by questionnaire and medical record. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: The risk of pneumonia in children under-five increased by absence of BCG immunization (OR= 6.15; 95% CI= 2.78 to 13.61; p< 0.001), poor indoor household air pollution (OR= 5.68; 95% CI= 2.63 to 12.26; p< 0.001), and poor sanitation (OR= 5.06; 95% CI= 2.16 to 11.83; p<0.001). The risk of pneumonia in children under-five decreased by higher family income (OR= 0.30; 95% CI= 0.13 to 0.70; p= 0.005).Conclusion: Pneumonia in children under five is associated with indoor household air pollution, poor sanitation, absence BCG immunization, and lower family income.Keywords: pneumonia, indoor pollution, sanitation, BCG immunization, family incomeCorrespondence:

Multilevel Analysis: Villages do not have Ecological Effect on the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Surakarta, Central Java Anggi Putri Aria Gita; Isna Qadrijati; Bhisma Murti
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Background: Diabetes Melitus (DM) as The Silent Killer has an increasing number of cases. Type 2 diabetes and its complications are a major publ

Path analysis on the Determinants of Pap Smear Utilization for Cervical Cancer Early Detection in Women of Reproductive Age Gesit Kusuma Wardhani; Ambar Mudigdo; Isna Qadrijati
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 2 No. 4 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

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Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignant cancer among women after breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Pap smear has been recognized as an effective strategy for reducing the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of Pap smear utilization for cervical cancer early detection in women of reproductive age using path analysis model.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted in Cilongok and Ajibarang Sub-districts, Banyumas, Central Java, from January 3 to February 3, 2018. A total sample of 200 women reproductive age was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was Pap smear utilization. The independent variables were education level, attitude, perception on the quality health care, access to the health center, family support, peer support, and health personnel support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Pap smear utilization was positively and directly associated with education (b = 2.63; 95% CI= 1.77 to 3.48 p<0.001), perception on quality of health care (b= 1.04; 95% CI= 0.22 to 1.86; p= 0.012), attitude (b= 1.48; 95% CI= 0.51 to 2.44 p= 0.003), access to health center (b=1.02; 95% CI= 0.20 to 1.84 p= 0.015), family support (b= 1.29; 95% CI= -0.22 to 2.61; p= 0.029), and health personnel support (b= 2.02; 95% CI= 0.60 to 3.45 p= 0.005). Pap smear utilization was indirectly associated with peer support through perception on quality health care (b = 0.66; 95%= -0.01 to 1.33 p = 0.031).Conclusion: Education, perception on the quality of health care, attitude, access to the health center, family support, and health personnel support are directly associated with Pap smear utilization.Keywords: Pap smear, cervical cancer, path analysis, education, attitude, perception, family support, peer support, health personnel supportCorrespondence: Gesit Kusuma Wardhani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, 57126, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: gesitkusuma92@gmail.com.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(4): 359-370https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.04.08

Biopsychosocial Determinants of Long-term Contraceptive Use in Women of Reproductive Age in Surakarta, Central Java Ratna Arifiana; Uki Retno Budihastuti; Isna Qadrijati
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

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Background: Family planning allows people to attain their desired number of children and determine the spacing of pregnancy. Long-term contraceptive methods are more effective, safe, with fewer contraindications than others contraceptive method. This study aimed to investigate the biopsychosocial determinants of long-term contraceptive use in women of reproductive age in Surakarta, Central Java, using a theory of planned behavior.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted in Surakarta, from January to February 2018. A sample of 210 women of reproductive age was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was long-term contraceptive use. The independent variables were age, parity, education, employment status, knowledge, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, husband support, family income, and health counseling. The data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Long-term contraceptive use increased with positive attitude (b=3.49; 95% CI= 1.88 to 5.11; p<0.001), supportive subjective norm (b= 2.91; 95% CI= 1.10 to 4.73; p=0.002), strong perceived behavior control (b=3.09; 95% CI= 1.29 to 4.88; p=0.001), and strong husband support (b=2.68; 95% CI= 1.04 to 4.33; p=0.001). Long-term contraceptive use was indirectly affected by knowledge, health conselling, and education level.Conclusion: Long-term contraceptive use increases with a positive attitude, supportive subjective norm, strong perceived behavior control, and strong husband support.Keywords: long-term contraceptive, the theory of planned behavior, path analysisCorrespondence: Ratna Arifiana, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: arifianaratna1301@gmail.com.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2018), 3(1): 37-47https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2018.03.01.03

Psychosocial Factors Associated with Anxiety and Delivery Pain Shofia Maharani Khoirun Nisa; Isna Qadrijati; Bhisma Murti
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Anxiety and pain are physiologic symptoms experienced by mothers during birth delivery. However, if these symptoms are not well-managed they can cause low birth weight, prematurity, prolonged labor, and postpartum depression. This study aimed to analyze the psychosocial factors associated with anxiety and delivery pain.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with cross sectional design. The study was conducted at Gajahan community health center, Surakarta Hospital, and Muhammadiyah Hospital, Delanggu, Central Java, from December 2017 to January 2018. A total sample of 166 delivery mothers were selected for this study by purposive sampling. The dependent variables were anxiety and delivery pain. The independent variables were parity, psychological stress, coping mechanism, family income, and family support. The data were collected by questionnaire. Anxiety was measured by modified Preg

Prenatal Factors Associated with the Risk of Stunting: A Multilevel Analysis Evidence from Nganjuk, East Java Dewi Indriani; Lanti Retno Dewi; Bhisma Murti; Isna Qadrijati
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 3 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Globally, one in four children under the age of five suffers from stunting. Stunting is associated with an underdeveloped brain, with long-lasting harmful consequences, including diminished mental ability and learning capacity, poor school performance in childhood, reduced earnings and increased risks of nutrition-related chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in future. This study aimed to analyze prenatal factors associated with the risk of stunting in Nganjuk, East Java, using a multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case control design. The study was conducted at 25 posyandus (integrated health posts) in Nganjuk, East Java, from June 03 to July 07, 2018. Posyandu was selected by stratified random sampling. A sample of 225 children under five was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 75 stunted children and 150 normal children. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were birth length, maternal height, and family size. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel logistic regression run on Stata 13.Results: The risk of stunting increased with maternal height <150 cm (b= 2.59; 95% CI= -0.75 to 4.42; p= 0.006), birth length <48 cm (b=4.17; 95% CI= 2.19 to 6.15; p<0.001), and large family size (b= 2.31; 95% CI= 0.34 to 4.29; p= 0.022). Posyandu had a contextual effect on stunting with ICC= 63.39%.Conclusion: The risk of stunting increases with maternal height <150 cm, birth length <48 cm, and large family size. Posyandu has a sizeable contextual effect on stunting.Keywords: stunting, birth length, maternal height, family size, posyandu, multilevelCorrespondence:

Multilevel Analysis on the Determinants of Antenatal Care Visit at Community Health Center in Madiun, East Java Sinta Ayu Purbaningrum; Isna Qadrijati; Rita Benya Adriani; Hanung Prasetya
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 4 No. 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is an important determinant of high maternal mortality rate and one of the basic components of maternal care. However, some pregnant women still had low awareness about the importance of ANC. The purpose of this study was to examine determinants of ANC visit in community health center, Madiun, East Java, and to determine the contextual effect of the community health center on the ANC visit.Subjects and Method: This was a case-control study conducted in Madiun, East Java, from November to December 2018. A sample of 200 pregnant women was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was ANC visit. The independent variables were knowledge, occupation, number of children, attitude, income, and husband support. The data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed by a multilevel linear regression.Results: The likelihood of ANC visit increased with employment status (b= 1.97; 95% CI= 0.81 to 3.13; p= 0.001), good knowledge (b= 1.56; 95% CI= 0.41 to 2.72; p= 0.008), positive attitude (b= 1.74; 95% CI= 0.52 to 2.96; p= 0.005), higher family income (b= 1.42; 95% CI= 0.29 to 2.55; p= 0.014), and stronger husband support (b= 1.29; 95% CI= 0.16 to 2.43; p= 0.260). ANC visit decreased with larger number of children (b= -1.05; 95% CI= -2.17 to 0.07; p= 0.067). Community health center had strong contextual effect on ANC visit in pregnant women with ICC= 41.85%.Conclusion: ANC visit increases with employment status, good knowledge, positive attitude, high family income, and strong husband support. ANC visit decreases with large number of children. Community health center has strong contextual effect on ANC visit in pregnant women.Keywords: antenatal care, determinants, pregnant womenCorrespondence:

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