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All Journal MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Wiwit Sulistyasmi
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu, Bengkulu City, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Chemistry Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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The Role of Vitamin D in TNF-α Levels in Pulmonary TB Patients Sahidan Sahidan; Wiwit Sulistyasmi; Jon Farizal; Supri Hartini; Sri Ujiani
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i4.908

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem, with immune responses particularly tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) playing a key role in disease progression. Vitamin D, synthesized through sunlight exposure, has been suggested to modulate immune responses; however, its effect on TNF-α in TB patients remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sunlight exposure on TNF-α levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. A quasi-experimental pre–post study was conducted among 60 TB patients divided into control and intervention groups. TNF-α levels were measured before and after intervention and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, including the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed a slight increase in mean TNF-α levels after sunlight exposure; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.475). Increased variability in TNF-α levels after the intervention suggests heterogeneous individual responses. These findings indicate that sunlight exposure may have a limited effect on TNF-α modulation in TB patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes and comprehensive biomarker assessments are needed to clarify the relationship between sunlight exposure, vitamin D, and immune responses in tuberculosis.
Co-Authors Jon Farizal Sahidan Sahidan Sri Ujiani Supri Hartini