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Denny Emilius
Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang
Education Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) untuk skrining depresi pada pasien dengan penyakit ginjal terminal kronik stadium 5 (gagal ginjal terminal) Denny Emilius; Tirta Darmawan Susanto; Marshell Timotius; Nicolaski Lumbuun
Medula Vol 16 No 4 (2026): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v16i4.1838

Abstract

Depression is one of the most common comorbidities among patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has a significant impact on quality of life, treatment adherence, morbidity, and mortality. Early detection of depression in this population is essential. However, diagnosis is often challenging due to the overlap between somatic symptoms of advanced CKD and depressive symptoms. This overlap may lead to underdiagnosis and delayed intervention. Therefore, a simple, valid, and reliable screening instrument is needed for routine clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as a screening tool for depression in patients with stage 5 CKD. A descriptive-analytic design was used, focusing on psychometric testing of the instrument. Item validity was examined using item–total correlation analysis, while internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The results showed that item–total correlation values ranged from 0.524 to 0.886, indicating good validity for all questionnaire items. Reliability testing produced a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.928, demonstrating excellent internal consistency. These findings indicate that the PHQ-9 is a valid and reliable instrument for screening depression in patients with stage 5 CKD. The implementation of PHQ-9 in clinical settings can support healthcare providers in early identification of depressive symptoms, enable timely psychosocial interventions, and contribute to improved quality of life and clinical outcomes for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease in both primary and referral healthcare facilities.
Diagnosis Komunitas Dan Program Intervensi Dalam Upaya Penurunan Insidens Demam Berdarah Dengue di RT RW Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wajo Kota Baubau Sulawesi Tenggara Denny Emilius; R. Wianti Soeryani; Shirley I. Moningkey
Medula Vol 16 No 1 (2026): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v16i1.1894

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. According to World Health Organization (WHO) data in 2024, approximately 5.2 million dengue cases were reported worldwide. In Southeast Asia, 648,301 dengue cases were recorded in 2019. In Indonesia, 73,518 dengue cases were reported in 2021. Meanwhile, in Baubau City, 122 dengue cases with two deaths were reported in 2025. In the working area of Wajo Primary Health Center, an increase in dengue cases was reported in January 2026, with a total of 39 cases. A mini-survey conducted at Wajo Primary Health Center revealed that community knowledge regarding dengue and its prevention through the 3M Plus strategy remains low. This activity aimed to analyze the factors contributing to the high incidence of dengue fever and to implement effective community-based interventions to reduce its incidence. This activity was conducted using a community diagnosis approach. Problem identification was carried out using the Blum health paradigm. Problem prioritization was determined through a USG method, while root cause analysis was performed using a fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram. Intervention planning was developed based on the identified root causes. The intervention consisted of health education on dengue fever and its prevention using the 3M Plus strategy. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test questionnaires, and activity evaluation was conducted using a systems approach. The health education activity, which involved 30 participants, demonstrated an increase in the mean knowledge score from 79.47 before the intervention to 96.94 after the intervention, with all participants (100%) showing improved understanding. The results of this community diagnosis activity indicate an increase in community knowledge in Lamangga Subdistrict regarding dengue fever and 3M Plus prevention. The intervention program was considered effective in enhancing community awareness and motivating preventive actions against dengue fever.
Co-Authors Marshell Timotius Nicolaski Lumbuun R. Wianti Soeryani Shirley I. Moningkey Tirta Darmawan Susanto