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Safnidar Siahaan
English Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Riau Kepulauan, Indonesia

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Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in reading comprehension of EFL class Farchan Fitro Akbar; Eka Wilany; Safnidar Siahaan
Celtic : A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/celtic.v12i2.41568

Abstract

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) have become a crucial focus in EFL classrooms, especially in reading comprehension, as they support learners in developing critical, analytical, and reflective skills. This study aimed to explore students’ perceptions of HOTS implementation in reading activities and assess their HOTS-based reading comprehension abilities. This qualitative descriptive involved one EFL class at Riau Kepulauan University who had completed the Extensive Reading course. Data collection employed a questionnaire assessing four HOTS indicators, such as creative thinking, critical thinking, problem solving, and decision making, and a reading comprehension test focusing on three HOTS components, consist of critical thinking, transfer, and problem solving. The results showed that most students had positive perceptions, with dominant responses falling into "Agree" and "Neutral" categories across all indicators. In the reading test, the majority of students demonstrated strong performance, 65–88% showed high-level critical thinking, 81–85% performed well in transfer tasks, and 73–77% successfully solved problems by designing logical endings and action plans. These findings suggest that integrating HOTS into reading instruction fosters cognitive growth and engagement. It is therefore recommended that educators incorporate HOTS-based strategies more systematically, providing structured activities and continuous support to enhance students’ higher-order thinking in EFL reading contexts.
An analysis of EFL students raising awareness of learning to speak English Maria Anjelica Kemba; Eka Wilany; Safnidar Siahaan
Celtic : A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/celtic.v13i1.43408

Abstract

Raising awareness is an important in English language learning, especially for EFL students, in helping develop speaking skills and learner autonomy. This study aimed to examine how awareness-raising activities can be applied by EFL students in learning speaking and to analyze students’ achievement. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach, with a sample of one tenth-grade class at a private senior high school in Batam’ consisting of 19 students. Data were collected through questionnaires and a speaking test. The questionnaire identified students’ perceptions of awareness-raising activities based on five main indicators: Finding out about your students, Motivation, Learning strategies, Community building, and Self-monitoring. The speaking test assessed pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. Questionnaire data were analyzed descriptively using percentages, while the speaking test data were analyzed using the mean, median, mode, and score distribution. The results of the questionnaire data showed that students’ learning awareness was at a moderate level, with more prominent awareness found in the self-monitoring indicator and learning style awareness. Meanwhile, the indicators of motivation, learning strategies, and social collaboration showed less stable results. Findings from the speaking test indicated that students’ English-speaking ability was in the fairly good category, with an average score of 64.00; however, some students were still at the intermediate level. Based on these findings, raising awareness plays an important role as an initial foundation in developing speaking skills and learner autonomy. Therefore, continuous pedagogical support is needed to enhance EFL speaking instruction and provide practical contributions to the education field