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All Journal Melintas An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion
Mardohar Batu Bornok Simanjuntak
Reader, Bandung, Indonesia
Religion Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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The Central Role of In-Formation in the Age of Artificial Intelligence and its Significance to Legal Personhood Mardohar Batu Bornok Simanjuntak; Tristam P Moeliono
MELINTAS An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion Vol. 40 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Philosophy, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/mijpr.v40i3.336-358

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) can be understood from an epistemological standpoint, specifically in relation to the concept of legal personhood. It has evolved into a stronger version with broader capabilities, surpassing its predecessors, particularly Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI). This rapid advancement has significant consequences, not to mention its increasing problem-solving ability–an essential characteristic of intelligence. To determine its legal status, AI must meet specific criteria. Generative AI, such as large language models (LLMs), serves as a warning sign, as Yuval Noah Harari argues, radically altering how humans cooperate. Harari maintains that social constructs have historically relied on human-to-document intersubjective interaction, mediated by bureaucracies. The latest developments, however, shift this relationship toward document-to-document interaction, transforming the nature of information. Instead of being merely a collection of data (‘inform-ation’), information now serves as the fundamental backbone of social institutions (‘in-formation’). From a periscopic perspective, as discussed by the authors, the discrepancy between the real and the metaversal expands AI’s role in everyday human activities. The authors propose a special legal personhood status for AI, considering its emerging analytic a priori capabilities. However, while AI remains in the later stages of its development, this possibility introduces mitigated risks that require further analyses.
Legal Personality of Artificial Intelligence Tristam P. Moeliono; Mardohar Batu Bornok Simanjuntak
MELINTAS An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion Vol. 40 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Philosophy, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/mel.v40i2.8648

Abstract

This paper examines the ontology of artificial intelligence (AI) within the context of contemporary society. With the rapid progression of technology, the definition of legal subjects has become increasingly ambiguous, as the technological landscape continues to evolve. The orthodox perspective fails to provide adequate solutions to this problem. An alternative approach, as put forth by Visa A.J. Kurki’s bundle theory offers a potential pathway, yet AI’s intrinsic nature surpasses the minimum thresholds defined by Kurki’s model. The authors propose a periscopic model that explores the interaction between the material world and the virtual or augmented sphere, often referred to as the metaverse. This article contends that the current philosophical foundation of law is both outdated and insufficient, primarily due to the shift from singular to plural forms of agency. AI has transitioned from being purely instrumental or intermediary, as observed in Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), to autonomous decision-making entities, exemplified by Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Drawing on theoretical insights from Yuval Noah Harari, the paper underscores the need for a new conceptual framework to address AI’s lack of a material entity. In conclusion, the paper asserts that the recognition of AI as legal subjects is an inevitable development.
Co-Authors Tristam P Moeliono Tristam P. Moeliono