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Ni Luh Arpiwi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Udayana. Jl. Raya Kampus Unud No. 9, Jimbaran, Badung 80361, Bali, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Genetic diversity of Pongamia pinnata in Bali, Indonesia using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat markers Ni Luh Arpiwi; I Gusti Ayu Sugi Wahyuni; I Ketut Muksin
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 8 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200806

Abstract

Abstract. Arpiwi NL, Wahyuni IGAS, Muksin IK. 2019. Genetic diversity of Pongamia pinnata in Bali, Indonesia using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat markers. Biodiversitas 20: 2134-2142. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre is a member of family Leguminosae that produces seed oil for biodiesel feedstock. The aim of the present study was to determine genetic diversity of pongamia trees that grow in Bali using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. This study is important to support the breeding program for the improvement of the biodiesel producing species. Leaf samples were taken from 26 pongamia trees grown on northern and southern coastal areas of Bali. Genomic DNA was isolated from fresh leaves sample and was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using 9 ISSR primers. The banding patterns of DNA after PCR were scored and tabulated into a binary matrix. Genetic distance was generated by pairwise distance using composite maximum likelihood. A dendrogram was constructed using Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic (UPGMA) method. The binary matrix was further analyzed for Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) with Primer E V.6 software. DNA concentrations ranged from 98.59-100.55 ng/?L with sufficient quality for PCR. The number of alleles for 9 primers was 43, the number of the polymorphic band was 35, and the number of monomorphic bands was 8. Percentage of polymorphism ranged from 50 to 100%. Cluster analysis of 26 DNA of pongamia trees showed that the trees were grouped into two, namely group I and II. Group I consisted of two trees only, namely Uma Anyar 1 and Penarukan 1. Group II consisted of 24 pongamia trees which were divided into 3 subgroups, namely IIA, IIB, and IIC with close genetic distance. Analysis of NMDS supported cluster analysis that 23 out of 26 pongamia trees had close genetic distance, and possibly they come from a similar source. Genetic diversity of pongamia in Bali needs to be widen possibly by the introduction of new planting materials from across Indonesia or seed procurement from different sources.
Essential oils from Vitex trifolia as an effective repellent for Aedes aegypti Ni Luh Arpiwi; I Ketut Muksin; Eniek Kriswiyanti
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211060

Abstract

Abstract. Arpiwi NL, Muksin IK, Kriswiyanti E. 2020. Essential oils from Vitex trifolia as an effective repellent for Aedes aegypti. Biodiversitas 21: 4536-4544. Vitex trifolia is a shrub or small tree grown wild from family Verbenaceae commonly found in the sandy shore habitat of the tropicals and sub-tropical countries. This research aims to measure the essential oils yield of V. trifolia leaves, to investigate the secretory cells of the leaf, and to measure repellent activity of the essential oils against Aedes aegypti. Leaves and soil samples were taken from Panjer, Sanur, and Sidakarya Villages of Denpasar, Bali Indonesia. Oil was extracted from fresh leaf samples using steam distillation. The essential oils were analyzed for its constituents using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The leaf cross-sections were prepared using paraffin embedding method and stained with safranin. The essential oils of V. trifolia at different concentrations (0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6% w/w) were formulated into lotions. The yield of essential oils was significantly different from the three locations. The main constituent of the oil was cis-ocimene. The essential oil yield was positively correlated with the sand content. The secretory structures of the leaf were idioblast and glandular trichome. Lotions formulated with the essential oils were soft, not greasy, and not sticky upon application to the skin and non-irritant. Lotions with 5 and 6% essential oils gave 100% protection for 3 hours from Ae. aegypti.
Co-Authors Eniek Kriswiyanti I Gusti Ayu Sugi Wahyuni I Ketut Muksin