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All Journal Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Soemarno Soemarno
Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya. Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Nesting behavior of Bornean immature Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum School, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Fouad Fauzi; Soemarno Soemarno; Aminudin Afandhi; Amin Setyo Leksono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210545

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Abstract. Fauzi F, Suemarno, Afandhi A, Leksono AS. 2020. Nesting behavior of Bornean immature Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum School, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2172-2179. This research aimed at analyzing the nesting behavior of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The objects of observation were the immature orangutan nest, and the type of nest tree. The purposive sampling technique was used because not all immature Orangutan could make a nest. The Focal animal sampling method was used to determine the daily behavior and nets building activity. It involved observing and recording the behavior of five young Orangutans over a certain period of time and analyzing the nest made. The results of the study established that the daily activity of immature Orangutan on an average sequentially ranges from feeding 17.18%, moving 23.92%, resting 26.34%, and social behavior 32.57%. The process of making a nest begins with finding a suitable branch, bending and breaking twigs, and then arranging the twigs and leaves as a mattress. The duration of building a nest was 5.00 to 6.44 minutes, the preferred nest tree was Palaquium xanthochymum and Shorea spp., and the direction of the nest more facing west.
Vegetation structure and diversity of liberoid coffee agroforestry (Coffea liberica and Coffea dewevrei) across contrasting ecosystems in Indonesia DANNIARY ISMAIL FARONNY; MELATI JULIA RAHMA; BENEDIKTUS BRAHMANTYO ADHI NUGROHO; SOEMARNO SOEMARNO; WENNY BEKTI SUNARHARUM; LUCHMAN HAKIM; JATI BATORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270536

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Abstract. Faronny DI, Rahma MJ, Nugroho BBA, Soemarno, Sunarharum WB, Hakim L, Batoro J. 2026. Vegetation structure and diversity of liberoid coffee agroforestry (Coffea liberica and Coffea dewevrei) across contrasting ecosystems in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270536. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270536. Climate change is projected to substantially reduce the climatically suitable range of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora by 2050, elevating the strategic importance of the liberoid coffee group, comprising Coffea liberica and Coffea dewevrei, as climate-adaptive alternatives. This study characterized vegetation structure and associated species diversity of liberoid coffee agroforestry across three contrasting ecosystems in Indonesia: volcanic mountain agroforestry (Wonosalam, East Java), coastal agroforestry (South Malang, East Java), and tropical peatland agroforestry (Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi). Using nested quadrat sampling (18 plots; 400 m² each), vegetation data were analyzed through Importance Value Index (IVI) and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H'), vertical and horizontal canopy profiling, and NMDS ordination with Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. A total of 893 individuals representing 40 species from 23 families were recorded. C. dewevrei dominated mineral-soil systems in Wonosalam and South Malang, while C. liberica was the exclusive Coffea taxon in the Jambi peatland. Shannon diversity ranged from H': 0.72 to 2.13, with the highest mean diversity recorded at South Malang (H': 1.63); this gradient does not follow the pattern expected from ecosystem productivity alone, but rather a pattern in which farmer management decisions are a contributing factor, though management variables were not directly measured. NMDS ordination (stress: 0.029) revealed near-complete floristic separation of peatland communities from mineral-soil sites (Bray-Curtis: 0.93-0.94), reflecting ecosystem-level divergence under extreme organosol conditions. Musa paradisiaca and Leucaena leucocephala were identified as cross-ecosystem companion species in mineral-soil systems. These studies provide an observational framework for ecosystem-differentiated supporting climate-adaptive liberoid coffee cultivation, contingent on expanded replication and direct environmental monitoring.
Co-Authors Amin Setyo Leksono Aminudin Afandhi BENEDIKTUS BRAHMANTYO ADHI NUGROHO DANNIARY ISMAIL FARONNY Fouad Fauzi JATI BATORO Luchman Hakim MELATI JULIA RAHMA WENNY BEKTI SUNARHARUM