INDYAH WAHYUNI
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Jl. Bahu, Malalayang, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Behavior of the black flying fox, Pteropus alecto (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in cages TILTJE ANDRETHA RANSALELEH; INDYAH WAHYUNI; MARTHA KAWATU; MEIS JACINTA NANGOY; SIGIT WIANTORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221262

Abstract

Abstract. Ransaleleh TA, Wahyuni I, Kawatu M, Nangoy MJ, Wiantoro S. 2021. Behavior of the black flying fox, Pteropus alecto (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in cages. Biodiversitas 22: 5657-5665. Hunting and illegal trading have become a common thread for the black flying fox in Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, information on its biology and behavior as a baseline for conservation and management program is still lacking. Therefore, this study aims to examine the behavioral activities of black flying fox, Pteropus alecto (Temminck, 1837) kept in cages through direct observation. The results showed that feeding was carried out by descending to the bottom of the cage before picking up fruits with the mouth and wings. Furthermore, the time associated with this process ranged from 06.01 to 10.00, while agonistic behavior performed using claws and wings took place from 10.01 to 14.00 in the daytime and 22.01 to 02.00 at night. Grooming was carried out using the tongue and wings, from 14.01 to 18.00 during the day and 22.01 to 02.00 during the night. Subsequently, the bats slept by perching with the eyes closed and the whole body wrapped with the wings from 02.01 to 10.00, while locomotion and stationary behaviors were performed by perching with eyes open and flying around the cage with the wings spread apart from 10.01 to 14.00 during the day and 22.01 to 02.00 at night. The percentage of day and night behavior activities consist of agonistic 0.12%, grooming 6.14%, eating 19.36%, sleeping 56.33%, and stationary and locomotive 17.76%. The results improve the understanding of P. alecto's daily activities in the cage which are difficult to observe in the wild and provide insight for conservation and wildlife management. Furthermore, information from this study is useful for future bat captivity programs.
Growth of Pteropus alecto bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in cages Tiltje Andretha Ransaleleh; Indyah Wahyuni; Martha Kawatu; Sylvia Laatung; Lucia Lambey; Unstain NWJ Rembet
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231227

Abstract

Abstract. Ransaleleh TA, Wahyuni I, Kawatu M, Laatung S, Lambey L, Rembet UNWJ. 2022. Growth of Pteropus alecto bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in cages. Biodiversitas 23: 6313-6319. Black Flying Fox (Pteropus alecto), known as Paniki yaki, is widely consumed by the residents of Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is imported from outside the provinces of Gorontalo, Central Sulawesi, and South Sulawesi. The peak of selling bats in Sulawesi is during Thanksgiving Day and religious holidays such as Easter, Christmas, and New Year. Even though the conservation status of this species, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), is of Least Concern, this species will one day become extinct due to continuous exploration without control. Conservation or cultivation is one of the efforts to preserve this type of bat. Cultivation will be successful when the growth of this mammal is outside the habitat. Therefore, research has been conducted on breeding this animal in cages using five bats. The bats had been taken from the captivity in Wanea Sub-district, Manado city, 58-533 days old. The fruits given as food are papaya, banana, and mango, and the variables measured were the amount of consumption, body weight gain, and morphometry. Furthermore, the data obtained were tabulated and narrated descriptively. The results showed that consumption of P. alecto 1,2,3,4 and 5 fruits were 110.64, 147.86, 192.61, 249.18, and 331.61 g/day, with body weight gain of 0.50, 0.53, 0.96, 1, 17, 1, and 50 g/day. The morphometric growth of P. alecto 1 was total body length 0.10, forearm 0.06, tibia 0.03, ear 0.01 and wingspan 0.08 mm/day. Sequentially, the morphometric growth of P. alecto 2 was 0.11, 0.07, 0.05, 0.01 and 0.12 mm/day, while P. alecto 3 was 0.29, 0.13, 0.06, 0.03, and 0.89 mm/day. The growth of P. alecto 4 was 0.19, 0.02, 0.02.0.01 and 0.89 mm/day, while P. alecto 5 was 0.20, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01 and 0.85 mm/day. In conclusion, the 1st and 2nd P. alecto were in early bone growth, while the 3rd P. alecto was in bone and meat growth, meanwhile, the 4th and 5th P. alecto were in meat and slow bone growth.
Fruit bats trade in the traditional markets of South Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia TILTJE ANDRETHA RANSALELEH; MARTHA KAWATU; INDYAH WAHYUNI; JANE ONIBALA; MEIS JACINTA NANGOY; SINTYA UMBOH; UNSTAIN N. W. J. REMBET; SURYO SAPUTRO; SIGIT WIANTORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250231

Abstract

Abstract. Ransaleleh TA, Kawatu M, Wahyuni I, Onibala J, Nangoy MJ, Umboh S, Rembet UNWJ, Saputro S, Wiantoro S. 2024. Fruit bats trade in the traditional markets of South Minahasa, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 716-725. The hunting and trading of fruit bats are significant sources of income for several communities in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Therefore, this research aimed to map the market locations and identify the species of traded bats, along with their conservation status in South Minahasa District. Surveys of markets, hunters, and sellers were conducted for 5 months from May to September 2023. Morphological examinations were carried out on the traded bats, focusing on several parameters such as body weight, morphometric and description of the morphological characters. We identified the traditional markets which sell fruit bats (family Pteropodidae), Acerodon celebensis and Pteropus alecto meat, namely Berdikari Tumpaan, 54 Amurang, 45 Langsot Tareran, Tenga, Pakuure, Ongkaw, Soko Raanan Baru, Motoling, Poigar, Poopo, Pinaesaan Tompaso Baru, and Pinasungkulan Modoinding. Furthermore, two markets, namely Pakuure and Pinaesaan Tompaso Baru, were identified selling the small fruit bats (family Pteropodidae), Cynopterus minutus, Dobsonia exoleta, Nyctimene cephalotes, Rousettus amplexicaudatus, and Thoopterus nigrescens. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, A. celebensis and D. exoleta are endemic bat species in Sulawesi with a conservation status of vulnerable and least concern, respectively. Fostering education and advocacy program is crucial to promote awareness and conservation strategy, especially for the 12 traditional markets which trade seven fruit bat species in South Minahasa, Sulawesi.