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All Journal Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika Journal of Technomaterial Physics
Intan Mulia Sari
Departemen Fisika FMIPA Universitas Syiah Kuala
Astronomy Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) in Adult Posteroanterior (PA) Chest Radiography: An Exploratory Analysis Intan Mulia Sari; Irhamni Irhamni; Rini Safitri; Evi Yufita; Ariana Shafira Dewi
Journal of Technomaterial Physics Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Technomaterial Physics
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jotp.v8i1.24603

Abstract

This study estimated Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) for adult posteroanterior (PA) chest radiography and described ESAK patterns in relation to selected technical parameters and patient characteristics as an initial facility-level baseline. A descriptive–exploratory observational study was conducted in 10 adult patients using a Siemens digital radiography system equipped with Automatic Exposure Control (AEC). ESAK was estimated from X-ray tube output obtained from acceptance/constancy testing and combined with routinely recorded exposure parameters. Incident air kerma (INAK) was calculated first and then converted to ESAK using a backscatter factor assumed to be constant at 1.35. All examinations were performed at 125 kVp with a fixed source-to-image distance (SID) of 180 cm. Focus-to-skin distance (FSD) was not recorded directly and was estimated from SID and the recorded chest thickness. ESAK ranged from 0.09 to 0.17 mGy (mean, 0.13 mGy), and all values were below the BAPETEN optimization reference level of 0.2 mGy. In this limited sample, graphical patterns indicated that ESAK increased with mAs and body weight and decreased with increasing FSD. These findings are preliminary and require confirmation in a larger cohort; however, they may serve as a temporary local baseline for internal dose auditing and to inform the design of subsequent dose optimization studies.
Studi Kelayakan Apron Timbal sebagai Alat Proteksi Radiasi Menggunakan Metode Radiografi Digital Intan Mulia Sari; Rahmatun Ridhani; Evi Yufita; Elin Yusibani
Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika Vol. 14 No. 02 (2026): Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika
Publisher : Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtaf.v14i02.585

Abstract

Penggunaan sinar-X dalam radiologi diagnostik berperan penting dalam peningkatan kualitas layanan kesehatan, namun berpotensi menimbulkan paparan radiasi terhadap tenaga medis. Oleh karena itu, kelayakan alat pelindung diri berbahan timbal, seperti apron, perlu dievaluasi secara berkala untuk memastikan efektivitas proteksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kelayakan apron timbal yang digunakan di Instalasi Radiologi Rumah Sakit Tipe B Banda Aceh menggunakan metode radiografi digital. Tiga apron diuji, terdiri atas dua apron yang digunakan di rumah sakit dan satu apron baru dari Laboratorium Fisika Medis sebagai kontrol. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan pesawat sinar-X dengan parameter 75 kV, 100 mAs, dan jarak fokus–film (FFD) 100 cm. Hasil citra radiografi dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Radiant DICOM Viewer untuk mengukur luas area retakan. Kelayakan ditentukan berdasarkan batas yang ditetapkan oleh BAPETEN, yaitu 15 mm² pada area sensitif dan 670 mm² pada area non-sensitif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa Apron A memiliki retakan di area vital seluas 47,3 mm² (tidak layak), Apron B memiliki retakan di area vital 5,9 mm² dan area non-vital 51,2 mm² (layak), sedangkan Apron C hanya menunjukkan lipatan ringan tanpa retakan (layak). Hasil ini menegaskan pentingnya inspeksi radiografi berkala untuk mendeteksi kerusakan internal yang tidak terlihat secara visual serta memastikan pemeliharaan dan penyimpanan apron sesuai standar proteksi radiasi.
Co-Authors Ariana Shafira Dewi Elin Yusibani Evi Yufita Evi Yufita Irhamni Irhamni Rahmatun Ridhani Rini Safitri