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SUHARTONO SUHARTONO
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Jl. Tgk. Syech Abdurrauf No. 3, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Aceh, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Abundance and antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella spp. isolated from aquatic environments in Banda Aceh, Indonesia YUNI ZAHARA; SUHARTONO SUHARTONO; NURLIANA NURLIANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231240

Abstract

Abstract. Zahara Y, Suhartono S, Nirliana N. 2022. Abundance and antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella spp. isolated from aquatic environments in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6420-6427. Accumulating pathogenic bacteria in aquatic systems increases waterborne infections, including shigellosis. The infection is causatively associated with Shigella spp. within the water system. This study aimed to isolate and determine the abundance of Shigella spp. collected from three rivers in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, namely Krueng Lamnyong, Krueng Aceh, and Krueng Neng water, and their antibiotic susceptibility. The bacterial enumeration was conducted using the MPN method followed by bacterial isolation using XLD and SSA selective media, whereas antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated using the standards of CLSI. Results showed that there was no significant difference (p=0.059) in the bacterial abundance among rivers i.e., 4.67 MPN/mL in Krueng Lamnyong, 27.33 MPN/mL in Krueng Aceh, and 18.33 MPN/mL in Krueng Neng. In total, 19 isolates of Shigella spp. were isolated, of which four isolates were from Krueng Lamnyong, nine isolates from Krueng Aceh, and six isolates from Krueng Neng. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that the isolates had resistance to tetracycline, penicillin, and nalidixic acid. More than half of the isolates were resistant to more than five antibiotic classes. The study indicates that rivers are the main reservoir for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria in aquatic systems and some efforts are needed to reduce potential health risks and ensure water quality in aquatic systems.
Abundance and phenotypic-genotypic analysis of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from wastewater of the Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia NOVEKHANA ANELIA; SUHARTONO SUHARTONO; ZINATUL HAYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240502

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Abstract. Anelia N, Suhartono S, Hayati Z. 2023. Abundance and phenotypic-genotypic analysis of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from wastewater of the Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2294-2301. Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics can initiate the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is believed to be a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Escherichia coli. This study aimed to perform the enumeration, isolation, characterization, and evaluation of resistance properties and antibiotic resistance-coding genes encoded by a plasmid of E. coli isolates from WWTP of the dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital (RSUDZA). The study was conducted through several stages, including the isolation and quantification of E. coli, antibiotic resistance testing, confirmation testing of ESBL-E. coli isolates, isolation of plasmid DNA, and amplification of TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes. The results showed that the wastewater in the sum pit tank, aeration tank, and final tank of the WWTP contained E. coli at 7.5x104 CFU/mL, 3x102 CFU/mL, and 1x102 CFU/mL, respectively. A total of 22 isolates were obtained, with ten isolates from the sum pit tank, seven from the aeration tank, and five from the final tank. Escherichia coli isolates had resistance to eight types of antibiotics in the aeration tank and seven types in the final tank, compared to the sum pit tank of the WWTP. Therefore, 59% of the isolates were classified as Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) and 32% as Extended Spectrum ?-Lactamase E. coli (ESBL-EC). TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes were detected in all locations at 63.6%, 22.7%, and 95.5%, respectively. In addition, CTX-M was the most common gene found in wastewater isolates at RSUDZA WWTP. The hospital wastewater treatment process must be improved to reduce the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
Hibiscus tiliaceus ethanolic leaf extract modulates quorum sensing-facilitated virulence factors MILDA HUSNAH; SUHARTONO SUHARTONO; YULIA SARI ISMAIL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241115

Abstract

Abstract. Husnah M, Suhartono S, Ismail YS. 2023. Hibiscus tiliaceus ethanolic leaf extract modulates quorum sensing-facilitated virulence factors. Biodiversitas 24: 5962-5971. Bacterial pathogenicity and infections are often associated with the presence of virulence factors generated mostly through quorum-sensing (QS) mechanisms. Therefore, QS suppression is considered an effective strategy for combatting pathogens. Many studies to search for new anti-QS agents, particularly those of plant origin, have been intensively conducted. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. is one of the medicinal plants exhibiting various pharmacological activities including antibacterial potential; however, the study regarding its effects on bacterial QS systems has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potency of Hibiscus tiliaceus ethanolic leaf extract (HELE) as a modulating agent against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC122472, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01. The extract was obtained through maceration and phytochemical screening was carried out by GC-MS. To evaluate antibacterial and anti-QS potentials of HELE, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC); growth inhibition rate; disc diffusion; and inhibition of violacein, pyocyanin, swarming motility, and biofilm formation were assayed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPPS software and Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) was employed to determine significant differences between the control and treatment groups. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of 16 different compounds in HELE, represented predominantly by diterpenoids (phytol), fatty acids (palmitic acid and oleic acid), and p-Tolualdehyde. MIC was found at 10 mg/mL against both C. violaceum ATCC122472 and S. aureus ATCC 29213, and 160 mg/mL against P. aeruginosa PA01. The MBC for the first two bacteria was 20 mg/mL, whereas that against P. aeruginosa PA01 remains to be determined. HELE was able to suppress the production of violacein, pyocyanin, and swarming motility at sub-MIC concentrations, highlighting the anti-QS potential of the extract. HELE at sub-MICs was found to stimulate biofilm formation, whereas at 2 x MIC exhibited an inhibitory effect. These findings justified that HELE might serve as a promising candidate not only as a future QS-inhibitory but also as a concentration-dependent QS-modulating agent.
Distribution of ESBL-producing and non-ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from sputum specimens in the Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia SUHARTONO SUHARTONO; ZINATUL HAYATI; WILDA MAHDANI; FIRA ANDINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250746

Abstract

Abstract. Suhartono S, Hayati Z, Mahdani W, Andini F. 2024. Distribution of ESBL-Producing and Non-ESBL-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from sputum specimens in the Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3247-3254. Klebsiella pneumoniae, a significant nosocomial pathogen, particularly in the case of strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), was the focus of this study. The study aimed to determine the distributions stratified by patients’ age, sex, hospital wards, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ESBL and non-ESBL K. pneumoniae isolated from expectorate sputum at Zainoel Abidin General Hospital (RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin), Banda Aceh, Indonesia, from January 2021 to January 2024. The prevalence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae was 79.84% (103/129 isolates), with the highest incidence found in patients aged >45 years (74.76%) and males (67.96%). The prevalence of non-ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae was 20.16% (26 isolates), with the highest incidence in patients aged >45 years (76.92%) and males (62.23%). The surgical ward had the highest incidence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (14.56%), followed by the cardiopulmonary ward (14.56%). The cardiopulmonary ward also had the highest incidence of non-ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (38.47%). The ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were more sensitive to amikacin than non-ESBL isolates, while the non-ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime, amikacin, and tobramycin. The increasing prevalence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae underscores the significance of the study's findings, providing valuable insights into the epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of K. pneumoniae in this clinical setting and the importance of reasonable antibiotic use.
Co-Authors FIRA ANDINI MILDA HUSNAH NOVEKHANA ANELIA NURLIANA NURLIANA WILDA MAHDANI YULIA SARI ISMAIL YUNI ZAHARA ZINATUL HAYATI ZINATUL HAYATI