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All Journal Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
RONI RIDWAN
Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency. Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Physicochemical, thermal properties, and in vitro rumen fermentation of four different underutilized fruit by-products RUSLI FIDRIYANTO; GUNAWAN PRIADI; RONI RIDWAN; NAHROWI NAHROWI; ANURAGA JAYANEGARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240457

Abstract

Abstract. Fidriyanto R, Priadi G, Ridwan R, Nahrowi N, Jayanegara A. 2023. Physicochemical, thermal properties, and in vitro rumen fermentation of four different underutilized fruit by-products. Biodiversitas 24: 2416-2425. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential use of selected agricultural wastes consisting of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel (MGP), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel (PGP), kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) Peel (KLP), and Melastoma candidum D.Don Fruit (MCF) as ruminant feeds and enteric methane mitigation. The samples were analyzed for proximate, phytochemical, enzyme inhibition activity, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and in vitro rumen fermentation. The study found that MCF had the highest protein content (105.69 g/kg DM), while KLP had the lowest crude fiber (115.89 g/kg DM). MCF extract had the highest total phenol and flavonoid, and PGP extract had the highest enzyme inhibition activity. XRD analysis showed that KLP had the highest crystallinity (18.23%), followed by MCF (17.95%). KLP had the highest potential gas production (147.78 mL), followed by PGP (62.20 mL), MCF (27.86 mL), and MGP (4.46 mL). In addition, rumen digestibility, post-rumen digestibility, and VFA followed a similar pattern. The lowest methane production was observed in MGP and MCF. In conclusion, kaffir lime peel is potentially used as ruminant feed due to its higher digestibility and VFA production. Although MCF has lower digestibility, it is potentially used as a source of phenolic compounds to reduce methane production due to its higher phenolic and flavonoid content.
Metagenomic insights into microbial community dynamics of fermented Indigofera zollingeriana supplemented with probiotics and phytobiotics IRWAN SUSANTO; ANURAGA JAYANEGARA; RONI RIDWAN; I KOMANG G. WIRYAWAN; ERIKA B. LACONI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260613

Abstract

Abstract. Susanto I, Jayanegara A, Ridwan R, Wiryawan IKG, Laconi EB. 2025. Metagenomic insights into microbial community dynamics of fermented Indigofera zollingeriana supplemented with probiotics and phytobiotics. Biodiversitas 26: 2684-2695. Silage fermentation is an effective method for preserving forage by utilizing microbial activity under anaerobic conditions to maintain its nutritional value and prolong storage stability. Indigofera zollingeriana is a high-protein and fibre-rich forage, making it a promising candidate for silage. However, fermentation success depends on microbial communities involved in organic matter degradation. This study employed Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) with the Illumina platform to analyze the microbial composition of Indigofera silage, enabling precise genus-level identification via 16S rRNA sequencing. The study evaluated microbial diversity and population shifts in silage supplemented with phytobiotics, probiotics, and their combination. The results showed that Gammaproteobacteria dominated all treatments (>90%), with Bacilli and Alphaproteobacteria present in smaller proportions. The combination treatment exhibited the highest microbial diversity, with increased Betaproteobacteria and Actinomycetes, which aid fibre degradation. The low presence of Clostridia suggested well-controlled fermentation. At the family level, Enterobacteriaceae were dominant in single LAB and phytobiotic treatments, while the combination treatment reduced Enterobacteriaceae and increased Moraxellaceae and Enterococcaceae, which support fermentation stability. At the genus level, Enterobacter was prevalent, but the combination treatment increased Pantoea and Leclercia, indicating a more balanced fermentation ecosystem. Alpha diversity and Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) confirmed that the combination treatment promoted microbial diversity and fermentation stability while suppressing Enterobacter cloacae. Treatment using acacia bark extract showed effectiveness in the smallest Costridia population (2%). These findings highlight the importance of combining probiotics and phytobiotics to enhance silage quality and microbial balance, emphasizing the need for further research on microbial interactions in fermentation.
Co-Authors ANURAGA JAYANEGARA ANURAGA JAYANEGARA ERIKA B. LACONI GUNAWAN PRIADI I KOMANG G. WIRYAWAN IRWAN SUSANTO NAHROWI NAHROWI RUSLI FIDRIYANTO