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All Journal Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
MUSTOFA HELMI EFFENDI
Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C Unair, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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A comprehensive study on the occurrence rate and morphology characteristics of the acanthocephalan parasite in Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia RYANKA EDILA; MUSTOFA HELMI EFFENDI; LUCIA TRI SUWANTI; HYUCK-KEUN KWON; ADITYA YUDHANA; APRIL HARI WARDHANA; ANISA ALHADA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250210

Abstract

Abstract. Edila R, Effendi MH, Suwanti LT, Kwon H-K, Yudhana A, Wardhana AH, Alhada A. 2024. A comprehensive study on the occurrence rate and morphology characteristics of the acanthocephalan parasite in Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 516-521. Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) are increasingly popular as pets worldwide and are often consumed by several communities in Indonesia. This trend needs attention from a public health perspective because it can potentially cause zoonotic diseases, including parasitic diseases. There is no comprehensive report on the prevalence of acanthocephalan parasite infection in Naja sputatrix. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence rate of acanthocephalan infection and provide a detailed description of the morphology and morphometry in N. sputatrix from Indonesia. Ethical approval was obtained, and a total of 51 living wild-caught Javan spitting cobra was collected from local sellers. All samples were euthanized and observed for the presence of acanthocephalan. The total prevalence was recorded at 47.05%. A total of 56 acanthocephalans were collected, which were divided into 11 (19.6%) infecting muscles, 28 (50%) in viscera, and 17 (30.3%) located in subcutaneous tissues. The body length and diameter were 25-41 mm and 1.31-1.5 mm, respectively, with a proboscis diameter of 0.61-0.74 mm with 3 anterior hooks and 5-6 posterior rootless spines. This study represents the first detailed exploration of acanthocephalan's prevalence, morphological features, and morphometry in snakes in Indonesia.
Novel exploration of the presence and morphological features Spirometra (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in Javan spitting cobra snakes (Naja sputatrix) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia RYANKA EDILA; MUSTOFA HELMI EFFENDI; LUCIA TRI SUWANTI; HYUCK-KEUN KWON; NNABUIFE BERNARD AGUMAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250803

Abstract

Abstract. Edila R, Effendi MH, Suwanti LT, Kwon H-K, Agumah NB. 2024. Novel exploration of the presence and morphological features Spirometra (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in Javan spitting cobra snakes (Naja sputatrix) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3318-3324. The study aimed to investigate the presence of spargana infection and provide a detailed description of the morphology, morphometry and histology in Javan spitting cobra snakes (Naja sputatrix Boie 1827) from Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Ethical approval was obtained and 51 living wild-caught N. sputatrix were collected from local sellers. All samples were euthanized and observed for the presence of plerocercoid. Identification of the plerocercoid as the larval infective stage was made using a carmine staining method drawn by using a camera lucida and routine histological study using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The positive rate of snakes in this study was 54.9%. A total of 165 spargana were collected which divided 82(49.6%) infecting muscles, 31 (16.7%) in viscera and 52 (31.5%) located in subcutaneous tissues. The plerocercoid length and width were 50-95 mm and 1.42-1.81 mm. Morphological analysis confirmed Spirometra characteristics and histological sections provided insights into spargana's structural complexity. This study represents the first detailed exploration of the morphological features, morphometry, and histology of Spirometra plerocercoids in Indonesia. The high prevalence of spargana in N. sputatrix underscores the importance of improving epidemiological databases, stringent wildlife trade regulations, and awareness programs to prevent sparganosis in Indonesia.
Endoparasite diversity and zoonotic risk in wild-caught Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) from Indonesia RYANKA EDILA; MUSTOFA HELMI EFFENDI; LUCIA TRI SUWANTI; HYUCK-KEUN KWON; JOHN YEW HUAT TANG; SAIFUR REHMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260842

Abstract

Abstract. Edila R, Effendi MH, Suwanti LT, Kwon H-K, Tang JYH, Rehman S. 2025. Endoparasite diversity and zoonotic risk in wild-caught Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4146-4156. The Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) is widely used in Indonesia for food and traditional medicine, creating potential zoonotic risks from parasitic infections. This study aimed to assess the diversity and prevalence of endoparasites in wild-caught N. sputatrix purchased from local sellers in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. Fifty-one snakes were examined through necropsy, coprological, and blood smear analyses. Parasitic infection was detected in 82.3% (42/51) of snakes, with mixed infections predominating across all age groups. A total of ten parasite taxa were identified, including nematodes (Capillaria, Kalicephalus, Strongyloides, Ophidascaris), cestodes (Spirometra), acanthocephalans (Sphaerechinorhynchus), pentastomids (Porocephalus), intestinal protozoa (Balantidium, Eimeria), and a hemoparasite (Hepatozoon). Notably, zoonotic species such as Spirometra spp. (54.9%), Porocephalus spp. (11.76%), and Ophidascaris spp. (7.84%) were prevalent, underscoring public health threats associated with snake consumption and handling. This is the first comprehensive parasitological survey of N. sputatrix in Indonesia and the first host record of Porocephalus in this species. Findings highlight the ecological role of cobras as reservoirs of zoonotic parasites and emphasize the need for One Health surveillance to mitigate cross-species transmission risks. The study also contributes baseline data for wildlife trade monitoring, biodiversity conservation, and public health policy related to human-snake interactions in Southeast Asia.
Co-Authors ADITYA YUDHANA ANISA ALHADA APRIL HARI WARDHANA HYUCK-KEUN KWON HYUCK-KEUN KWON HYUCK-KEUN KWON JOHN YEW HUAT TANG LUCIA TRI SUWANTI LUCIA TRI SUWANTI NNABUIFE BERNARD AGUMAH RYANKA EDILA RYANKA EDILA RYANKA EDILA SAIFUR REHMAN